Are California's Local Flavored Tobacco Sales Restrictions Effective in Reducing the Retail Availability of Flavored Tobacco Products? A Multicomponent Evaluation.

IF 3 4区社会学 Q1 SOCIAL SCIENCES, INTERDISCIPLINARY

Evaluation Review Pub Date : 2021-06-01 Epub Date: 2021-10-25 DOI:10.1177/0193841X211051873

Elizabeth Andersen-Rodgers, Xueying Zhang, Tam D Vuong, Liz Hendrix, Cheryl Edora, Rebecca J Williams, Lauren Groves, April Roeseler, Todd Rogers, David H Voelker, Nina C Schleicher, Trent O Johnson, Lisa Henriksen

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引用次数: 10

Abstract

Introduction: Flavored tobacco appeals to new users. This paper describes evaluation results of California's early ordinances restricting flavored tobacco sales.

Methods: A multicomponent evaluation of proximal policy outcomes involved the following: (a) tracking the reach of local ordinances; (b) a retail observation survey; and (c) a statewide opinion poll of tobacco retailers. Change in the population covered by local ordinances was computed. Retail observations compared availability of flavored tobacco at retailers in jurisdictions with and without an ordinance. Mixed models compared ordinance and matched no-ordinance jurisdictions and adjusted for store type. An opinion poll assessed retailers' awareness and ease of compliance with local ordinances, comparing respondents in ordinance jurisdictions with the rest of California.

Results: The proportion of Californians living in a jurisdiction with an ordinance increased from 0.6% in April 2015 to 5.82% by January 1, 2019. Flavored tobacco availability was significantly lower in ordinance jurisdictions than in matched jurisdictions: menthol cigarettes (40.6% vs. 95.0%), cigarillos/cigar wraps with explicit flavor descriptors (56.4% vs. 85.0%), and vaping products with explicit flavor descriptors (6.1% vs. 56.9%). Over half of retailers felt compliance was easy; however, retailers in ordinance jurisdictions expressed lower support for flavor sales restrictions.

Conclusions: The proportion of California's population covered by a flavor ordinance increased nine-fold between April 2015 and January 2019. Fewer retailers in ordinance jurisdictions had flavored tobacco products available compared to matched jurisdictions without an ordinance, but many still advertised flavored products they could not sell. Comprehensive ordinances and retailer outreach may facilitate sales-restriction support and compliance.

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加州当地的调味烟草销售限制是否有效地减少了调味烟草产品的零售供应?A多组分评价。

介绍:调味烟草吸引新用户。本文描述了加州早期限制加味烟草销售条例的评估结果。方法:对最近的政策结果进行多成分评估，包括以下内容:(A)跟踪地方条例的影响范围;(b)零售观察调查;(c)对全州烟草零售商进行民意调查。计算了地方条例所涵盖的人口的变化。零售观察比较了在有法令和没有法令的司法管辖区的零售商中调味烟草的可得性。混合模型比较法令和匹配无法令管辖区域，并根据商店类型进行调整。一项民意调查评估了零售商对当地法规的意识和遵守程度，并将法规管辖地区的受访者与加州其他地区的受访者进行了比较。结果:居住在有法令管辖范围内的加州人比例从2015年4月的0.6%上升到2019年1月1日的5.82%。在条例管辖区内，调味烟草的可获得性明显低于匹配管辖区内:薄荷香烟(40.6%对95.0%)，带有明确风味描述的小雪茄/雪茄包装(56.4%对85.0%)，以及带有明确风味描述的电子烟产品(6.1%对56.9%)。超过一半的零售商认为遵守规定很容易;然而，条例管辖范围内的零售商对香精销售限制的支持程度较低。结论:在2015年4月至2019年1月期间，风味条例涵盖的加州人口比例增加了9倍。与没有条例的辖区相比，条例辖区的零售商提供调味烟草产品的数量较少，但许多零售商仍在宣传他们不能销售的调味产品。全面的条例和零售商的外联可能促进销售限制的支持和遵守。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Evaluation Review SOCIAL SCIENCES, INTERDISCIPLINARY-

CiteScore

2.90

自引率

11.10%

发文量

期刊介绍： Evaluation Review is the forum for researchers, planners, and policy makers engaged in the development, implementation, and utilization of studies aimed at the betterment of the human condition. The Editors invite submission of papers reporting the findings of evaluation studies in such fields as child development, health, education, income security, manpower, mental health, criminal justice, and the physical and social environments. In addition, Evaluation Review will contain articles on methodological developments, discussions of the state of the art, and commentaries on issues related to the application of research results. Special features will include periodic review essays, "research briefs", and "craft reports".