Serotonin transporter availability, neurocognitive function and their correlation in abstinent 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine users

IF 1.8 4区医学 Q3 CLINICAL NEUROLOGY

Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental Pub Date : 2021-09-10 DOI:10.1002/hup.2811

Foke L. van de Blaak, Glenn J. H. Dumont

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引用次数: 5

Abstract

Rationale

MDMA or Ecstasy has made a resurgence in popularity and the majority of users consist of teenagers and adolescents. Therefore, it is important to determine whether MDMA causes long-term damage and what this damage entails. There is an ongoing debate about possible neurocognitive changes in 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) users related to MDMA's neurotoxic potential. Multiple neuroimaging studies have shown that Ecstasy use leads to lower serotonin transporter (SERT) availability in multiple brain regions. This may express itself in a loss of cognitive functions like memory, attention and executive function. However, there is increasing evidence reporting that MDMA's induced serotonergic adaptations are reversible over time. The question we thus address is whether the recovery of SERT function predicts a recovery of cognitive function.

Objectives

This review aims to investigate MDMA's long-term effects on SERT availability and cognitive functioning.

Methods

A literature search was performed in PubMed. Studies that investigated the effects of MDMA on both SERT availability and cognitive performance were eligible for inclusion.

Results

SERT availability positively correlated with time of abstinence, whereas memory performance did not show this correlation, but remained impaired in MDMA users. No significant correlation between SERT availability and memory function was found (r = 0.232, p = 0.581; r = 0.176, p = 0.677).

Conclusions

The main findings of this review are that MDMA-use leads to an acute decrease in SERT availability and causes an impairment in cognitive functions, mostly memory. However, SERT availability recovers with sustained abstinence while memory function does not. This suggests that SERT availability is not a biomarker for MDMA-induced cognitive impairment and likely also not for MDMA-induced neurotoxicity.

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戒断3,4-亚甲基二氧基甲基苯丙胺使用者血清素转运体有效性、神经认知功能及其相关性

MDMA或摇头丸重新流行起来，大多数使用者是青少年。因此，确定MDMA是否会造成长期损害以及这种损害会带来什么是很重要的。关于3,4-亚甲基二氧甲基苯丙胺(MDMA)使用者可能发生的神经认知变化与MDMA的神经毒性潜力有关的争论正在进行中。多项神经影像学研究表明，使用摇头丸会降低大脑多个区域血清素转运体(SERT)的可用性。这可能表现为认知功能的丧失，如记忆、注意力和执行功能。然而，越来越多的证据表明MDMA诱导的血清素适应随着时间的推移是可逆的。因此，我们要解决的问题是SERT功能的恢复是否预示着认知功能的恢复。目的本综述旨在探讨MDMA对SERT可用性和认知功能的长期影响。方法在PubMed中进行文献检索。研究MDMA对SERT有效性和认知表现影响的研究符合纳入条件。结果SERT可获得性与戒断时间呈正相关，而MDMA使用者的记忆表现不表现出这种相关性，但仍然受损。SERT可用性与记忆功能无显著相关(r = 0.232, p = 0.581;R = 0.176, p = 0.677)。结论:本综述的主要发现是mdma的使用导致SERT可用性的急性降低，并导致认知功能，主要是记忆功能的损害。然而，SERT有效性在持续戒断后恢复，而记忆功能却没有。这表明SERT可用性不是mdma诱导的认知障碍的生物标志物，也可能不是mdma诱导的神经毒性的生物标志物。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental 医学-精神病学

CiteScore

4.10

自引率

0.00%

发文量

审稿时长

6-12 weeks

期刊介绍： Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental provides a forum for the evaluation of clinical and experimental research on both new and established psychotropic medicines. Experimental studies of other centrally active drugs, including herbal products, in clinical, social and psychological contexts, as well as clinical/scientific papers on drugs of abuse and drug dependency will also be considered. While the primary purpose of the Journal is to publish the results of clinical research, the results of animal studies relevant to human psychopharmacology are welcome. The following topics are of special interest to the editors and readers of the Journal: -All aspects of clinical psychopharmacology- Efficacy and safety studies of novel and standard psychotropic drugs- Studies of the adverse effects of psychotropic drugs- Effects of psychotropic drugs on normal physiological processes- Geriatric and paediatric psychopharmacology- Ethical and psychosocial aspects of drug use and misuse- Psychopharmacological aspects of sleep and chronobiology- Neuroimaging and psychoactive drugs- Phytopharmacology and psychoactive substances- Drug treatment of neurological disorders- Mechanisms of action of psychotropic drugs- Ethnopsychopharmacology- Pharmacogenetic aspects of mental illness and drug response- Psychometrics: psychopharmacological methods and experimental design