Effects of lactate in immunosuppression and inflammation: Progress and prospects.

IF 4.3 4区医学 Q2 IMMUNOLOGY

International Reviews of Immunology Pub Date : 2022-01-01 Epub Date: 2021-09-06 DOI:10.1080/08830185.2021.1974856

Ying Luo, Lu Li, Xu Chen, Huiqing Gou, Ke Yan, Yan Xu

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引用次数: 21

Abstract

Abstract Lactate used to be considered as a waste product of glucose metabolism. However, accumulating evidence has revealed its crucial role in regulating various biological and pathological processes. Hypoxia, inflammation, viral infection, and tumor promote the production of lactate. Then lactate activates G protein-coupled receptor 81 (GPR81) or shuttles across membranes by monocarboxylate-transporters (MCTs) to execute its intricate effects. Many studies highlighted the function of lactate in regulating dendritic cells, monocytes, natural killer cells, mast cells, T cells, tumor cells, fibroblasts, macrophages polarization, and the differentiation of Th1, Th17, MDSCs, Tregs; all of which play a role in maintaining the immune homeostasis of the host when challenged with the noxious stimuli. In this review, we summarized the influence of lactate in diverse tissue-specific cells, and discuss their effects on viral infection, acute inflammation, chronic inflammation, sepsis, and tumor immunosuppression. The goal of this review is to expose that lactate has a double-edged effect on host immunity and accompanying inflammatory reactions, which could be a potentially effective target for treating the tumor and multiple infectious diseases. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

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乳酸在免疫抑制和炎症中的作用:进展与展望。

乳酸过去被认为是葡萄糖代谢的废物。然而，越来越多的证据表明它在调节各种生物和病理过程中起着至关重要的作用。缺氧、炎症、病毒感染和肿瘤促进乳酸的产生。然后乳酸激活G蛋白偶联受体81 (GPR81)或通过单羧酸转运体(mct)穿越膜来执行其复杂的作用。许多研究强调了乳酸在调节树突状细胞、单核细胞、自然杀伤细胞、肥大细胞、T细胞、肿瘤细胞、成纤维细胞、巨噬细胞极化以及Th1、Th17、MDSCs、Tregs分化中的作用;所有这些都在受到有害刺激时维持宿主的免疫稳态中发挥作用。在这篇综述中，我们总结了乳酸在不同组织特异性细胞中的作用，并讨论了它们在病毒感染、急性炎症、慢性炎症、败血症和肿瘤免疫抑制中的作用。本综述的目的是揭示乳酸盐对宿主免疫和伴随的炎症反应具有双刃剑效应，可能成为治疗肿瘤和多种感染性疾病的潜在有效靶点。

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来源期刊

International Reviews of Immunology 医学-免疫学

CiteScore

11.00

自引率

4.00%

发文量

期刊介绍： This review journal provides the most current information on basic and translational research in immunology and related fields. In addition to invited reviews, the journal accepts for publication articles and editorials on relevant topics proposed by contributors. Each issue of International Reviews of Immunology contains both solicited and unsolicited review articles, editorials, and ''In-this-Issue'' highlights. The journal also hosts reviews that position the authors'' original work relative to advances in a given field, bridging the gap between annual reviews and the original research articles. This review series is relevant to all immunologists, molecular biologists, microbiologists, translational scientists, industry researchers, and physicians who work in basic and clinical immunology, inflammatory and allergic diseases, vaccines, and additional topics relevant to medical research and drug development that connect immunology to disciplines such as oncology, cardiovascular disease, and metabolic disorders. Covered in International Reviews of Immunology: Basic and developmental immunology (innate and adaptive immunity; inflammation; and tumor and microbial immunology); Clinical research (mechanisms of disease in man pertaining to infectious diseases, autoimmunity, allergy, oncology / immunology); and Translational research (relevant to biomarkers, diagnostics, vaccines, and drug development).

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