Ivan Sokolov and his post-mortem studies of the “Hairy Woman” Julia Pastrana and her son

IF 0.5 4区哲学 Q3 HISTORY & PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE

Endeavour Pub Date : 2021-09-01 DOI:10.1016/j.endeavour.2021.100780

Suslov Andrey Vladimirovich , Nikolenko Vladimir Nikolaevich , Chairkin Ivan Nikolaevich , Chairkina Natalya Viktorovna , Shepetovskaya Maria Davidovna , Kozhemiako Anastasia Sergeevna

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引用次数: 1

Abstract

In this article we document the role of Ivan Matveevich Sokolov, anatomy professor at Moscow University, in the mummification of Julia Pastrana, born in Mexico (afterwards an American citizen by marriage), and her son. Sokolov had investigated and described the corpse of this famous “hairy woman” as an example of a congenital anomaly of the genus Homo. Due to the art of Sokolov’s embalming, the mummies of Julia and her son were presented to the scientific world, which made it possible to study similar cases of deformity in the human population. However, the historical role of Sokolov was not limited to his study of a congenital disease. His thorough postmortem examination and description of Pastrana’s and her son’s bodies allowed Sokolov to make an indirect contribution to evolutionary thought. Sokolov’s confirmation that Pastrana belonged to the genus Homo refuted all speculation about her hybrid origins and status as a missing link in the evolution of apes into humans.

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伊凡·索科洛夫和他对“毛女人”茱莉亚·帕斯特拉纳及其儿子的尸检研究

在这篇文章中，我们记录了莫斯科大学解剖学教授Ivan Matveevich Sokolov在朱莉娅·帕斯特拉纳(Julia Pastrana)和她儿子的木乃伊制作过程中所扮演的角色。朱莉娅出生于墨西哥(后来通过婚姻成为美国公民)。Sokolov调查并描述了这位著名的“毛女人”的尸体，将其作为人属先天畸形的一个例子。由于Sokolov的艺术防腐，朱莉娅和她儿子的木乃伊被展示给科学界，这使得研究人类中类似的畸形病例成为可能。然而，Sokolov的历史作用并不局限于他对一种先天性疾病的研究。他对帕斯特拉纳和她儿子的尸体进行了彻底的尸检和描述，这使得索科洛夫对进化思想做出了间接的贡献。Sokolov确认帕斯特拉纳属于人属，驳斥了所有关于她的混血起源和类人猿向人类进化过程中缺失一环的猜测。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Endeavour 综合性期刊-科学史与科学哲学

CiteScore

1.10

自引率

16.70%

发文量

审稿时长

49 days

期刊介绍： Endeavour, established in 1942, has, over its long and proud history, developed into one of the leading journals in the history and philosophy of science. Endeavour publishes high-quality articles on a wide array of scientific topics from ancient to modern, across all disciplines. It serves as a critical forum for the interdisciplinary exploration and evaluation of natural knowledge and its development throughout history. Each issue contains lavish color and black-and-white illustrations. This makes Endeavour an ideal destination for history and philosophy of science articles with a strong visual component. Endeavour presents the history and philosophy of science in a clear and accessible manner, ensuring the journal is a valuable tool for historians, philosophers, practicing scientists, and general readers. To enable it to have the broadest coverage possible, Endeavour features four types of articles: -Research articles are concise, fully referenced, and beautifully illustrated with high quality reproductions of the most important source material. -In Vivo articles will illustrate the rich and numerous connections between historical and philosophical scholarship and matters of current public interest, and provide rich, readable explanations of important current events from historical and philosophical perspectives. -Book Reviews and Commentaries provide a picture of the rapidly growing history of science discipline. Written by both established and emerging scholars, our reviews provide a vibrant overview of the latest publications and media in the history and philosophy of science. -Lost and Found Pieces are playful and creative short essays which focus on objects, theories, tools, and methods that have been significant to science but underappreciated by collective memory.