Behavioral Thermoregulation by Mothers Protects Offspring from Global Warming but at a Cost.

IF 1.8 3区 生物学 Q3 PHYSIOLOGY
Iván Beltrán, Constant Perry, Faustine Degottex, Martin J Whiting
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引用次数: 2

Abstract

AbstractThermal conditions during embryonic development affect offspring phenotype in ectotherms. Therefore, rising environmental temperatures can have important consequences for an individual's fitness. Nonetheless, females have some capacity to compensate for potential negative consequences that adverse developmental environments may have on their offspring. Recent studies show that oviparous reptiles exhibit behavioral plasticity in nest site selection, which can buffer their embryos against high incubation temperatures; however, much less is known about these responses in viviparous reptiles. We subjected pregnant viviparous skinks, Saiphos equalis, to current or projected midcentury (2050) temperatures to test (i) how elevated temperatures affect female thermoregulatory and foraging behavior; (ii) whether temperatures experienced by females during pregnancy negatively affect the morphology, performance, and behavior of hatchlings; and (iii) whether behavioral thermoregulation during pregnancy is costly to females. Females from the elevated temperature treatment compensated by going deeper belowground to seek cooler temperatures and eating less, and they consequently had a lower body mass relative to snout-to-vent length (condition estimator) compared with females from the current thermal treatment. The temperatures experienced by females in the elevated temperature treatment were high enough to affect foraging and locomotor performance but not the morphology and growth rate of hatchlings. By seeking cooler temperatures, mothers can mitigate some of the effects of high temperatures on their offspring (e.g., reduced body size and growth). However, this protective behavior of females may come at an energetic cost to them. This study adds to growing evidence of lizards' vulnerability to global warming, particularly during reproduction when females are already paying a substantial cost.

母亲的行为体温调节保护后代免受全球变暖的影响,但这是有代价的。
摘要异温动物胚胎发育过程中的热条件影响后代表型。因此,环境温度的升高会对个体的健康产生重要影响。尽管如此,女性有一定的能力来补偿不利的发育环境可能对其后代造成的潜在负面影响。最近的研究表明,卵生爬行动物在巢址选择方面表现出行为可塑性,这可以缓冲胚胎对高温孵化的影响;然而,我们对胎生爬行动物的这些反应知之甚少。我们将怀孕的胎生石龙子(Saiphos equalis)置于当前或预计的本世纪中叶(2050年)的温度下,以测试(i)温度升高如何影响雌性体温调节和觅食行为;(ii)雌性在怀孕期间所经历的温度是否会对幼鱼的形态、性能和行为产生负面影响;(三)怀孕期间的行为体温调节对雌性来说是否代价高昂。接受高温处理的雌性通过深入地下寻找更凉爽的温度和吃得更少来补偿,因此与接受当前热处理的雌性相比,它们的体重相对于口到排气口的长度(条件估计值)更低。雌性在高温处理中经历的温度足够高,足以影响觅食和运动性能,但不影响孵化物的形态和生长速度。通过寻找较低的温度,母亲可以减轻高温对后代的一些影响(例如,体型和生长的减少)。然而,雌性的这种保护行为可能会让她们付出精力上的代价。这项研究增加了蜥蜴易受全球变暖影响的证据,特别是在雌性已经付出巨大代价的繁殖过程中。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
3.20
自引率
6.20%
发文量
62
审稿时长
6-12 weeks
期刊介绍: Physiological and Biochemical Zoology: Ecological and Evolutionary Approaches primarily publishes original research in animal physiology and biochemistry as considered from behavioral, ecological, and/or evolutionary perspectives. Studies at all levels of biological organization from the molecular to the whole organism are welcome, and work that integrates across levels of organization is particularly encouraged. Studies that focus on behavior or morphology are welcome, so long as they include ties to physiology or biochemistry, in addition to having an ecological or evolutionary context. Subdisciplines of interest include nutrition and digestion, salt and water balance, epithelial and membrane transport, gas exchange and transport, acid-base balance, temperature adaptation, energetics, structure and function of macromolecules, chemical coordination and signal transduction, nitrogen metabolism and excretion, locomotion and muscle function, biomechanics, circulation, behavioral, comparative and mechanistic endocrinology, sensory physiology, neural coordination, and ecotoxicology ecoimmunology.
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