Adverse rare events to vaccines for COVID-19: From hypersensitivity reactions to thrombosis and thrombocytopenia.

IF 4.3 4区 医学 Q2 IMMUNOLOGY
International Reviews of Immunology Pub Date : 2022-01-01 Epub Date: 2021-07-12 DOI:10.1080/08830185.2021.1939696
Natalija Novak, Leticia Tordesillas, Beatriz Cabanillas
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引用次数: 38

Abstract

Vaccines for the prevention of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) started to be developed since the initiation of the COVID-19 pandemic. Up to now, four vaccines have been authorized by international agencies such as European Medicines Agency (EMA). Two are DNA vaccines (ChAdOx1 nCov-19 and Ad26.COV2.S) and two mRNA vaccines (BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273). The administration of the vaccines has been associated with a strong decrease in the infections by SARS-CoV-2 and deaths associated with it. However, in parallel to these results, some rare adverse events have also been described. In that sense, events of thrombosis, thrombocytopenia, and hemorrhage have been described in close temporal proximity to the administration of the DNA vaccines ChAdOx1 nCov-19 and Ad26.COV2.S, but also mRNA vaccines. Recent scientific reports have been released with updated information on the possible association of thrombotic thrombocytopenia and COVID-19 vaccines. On the other hand, since the initiation of the vaccination campaigns, adverse hypersensitivity reactions have been described after mRNA and DNA vaccines administration for COVID-19. Although globally these adverse events are rare, a high proportion of the world population will be exposed to these vaccines. For that reason, their safety and tolerance should be carefully considered. In this review, we provide an updated review of the last scientific findings that can explain the rare side effects that the vaccines for COVID-19 can produce.

Abstract Image

COVID-19疫苗的罕见不良事件:从过敏反应到血栓形成和血小板减少。
自新冠肺炎大流行开始以来,预防2019冠状病毒病(新冠肺炎)的疫苗开始研发。截至目前,已有四种疫苗获得欧洲药品管理局(EMA)等国际机构的授权。两种是DNA疫苗(ChAdOx1-nCov-19和Ad26.COV2.S)和两种mRNA疫苗(BNT162b2和mRNA-1273)。疫苗的使用与严重急性呼吸系统综合征冠状病毒2型的感染和相关死亡人数的大幅下降有关。然而,在这些结果的同时,也描述了一些罕见的不良事件。从这个意义上说,血栓形成、血小板减少和出血的事件已被描述为与DNA疫苗ChAdOx1-nCov-19和Ad26.COV2.S以及mRNA疫苗的给药时间非常接近。最近的科学报告发布了关于血栓性血小板减少症与新冠肺炎疫苗可能关联的最新信息。另一方面,自疫苗接种活动开始以来,新冠肺炎mRNA和DNA疫苗接种后出现了不良超敏反应。尽管在全球范围内,这些不良事件很少见,但世界上有很大一部分人口将接触到这些疫苗。因此,应当认真考虑它们的安全性和容忍度。在这篇综述中,我们对最近的科学发现进行了最新综述,可以解释新冠肺炎疫苗可能产生的罕见副作用。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
11.00
自引率
4.00%
发文量
24
期刊介绍: This review journal provides the most current information on basic and translational research in immunology and related fields. In addition to invited reviews, the journal accepts for publication articles and editorials on relevant topics proposed by contributors. Each issue of International Reviews of Immunology contains both solicited and unsolicited review articles, editorials, and ''In-this-Issue'' highlights. The journal also hosts reviews that position the authors'' original work relative to advances in a given field, bridging the gap between annual reviews and the original research articles. This review series is relevant to all immunologists, molecular biologists, microbiologists, translational scientists, industry researchers, and physicians who work in basic and clinical immunology, inflammatory and allergic diseases, vaccines, and additional topics relevant to medical research and drug development that connect immunology to disciplines such as oncology, cardiovascular disease, and metabolic disorders. Covered in International Reviews of Immunology: Basic and developmental immunology (innate and adaptive immunity; inflammation; and tumor and microbial immunology); Clinical research (mechanisms of disease in man pertaining to infectious diseases, autoimmunity, allergy, oncology / immunology); and Translational research (relevant to biomarkers, diagnostics, vaccines, and drug development).
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