[Epigenetics. Mechanism and significance in gene regulation].

IF 0.6 Q4 ETHICS

Cuadernos de Bioetica Pub Date : 2020-09-01 DOI:10.30444/CB.79

Nicolás Jouve de la Barreda

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Epigenetics deals with the study of structural modifications in the regions of the genome, by methylation of DNA or chromosomal histones, or other mechanisms that affect the expression of genes without altering the base composition of DNA. Cell differentiation, which is established in embryonic development from blastocyst status, is the consequence of differential cell reprogramming, based on programmed epigenetic modifications, which establish differences in the epigenome of cells and tissues. Maternal and paternal genomes of the gametes have genomic imprinting differences due to DNA methylation or other epigenetic modifications established in the germinal cells during gametogenesis. Maternal and paternal parental genomes present differences of genomic imprinting, which are established by DNA methylation or other epigenetic modifications during embryonic development, in the primordial germ cells. Unscheduled epigenetic modifications may also occur under the influence of uncontrolled environmental factors, which can lead to health disturbances. However, all epigenetic modifications are erased after fertilization and those affecting the germ line of the embryo or fetus during their development are not inherited beyond the second generation, - F2 -. Epigenetics should not be considered a new type of inheritance with transgenerational consequences, but as a set of mechanisms related to genetic regulation.

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表观遗传学。基因调控的机制及意义[j]。

表观遗传学研究基因组区域的结构修饰，通过DNA或染色体组蛋白的甲基化，或其他不改变DNA碱基组成而影响基因表达的机制。细胞分化是在囊胚状态的胚胎发育过程中建立起来的，是基于程序性表观遗传修饰的差异细胞重编程的结果，程序性表观遗传修饰建立了细胞和组织表观基因组的差异。由于DNA甲基化或在配子发生过程中在生发细胞中建立的其他表观遗传修饰，配子的母本和父本基因组具有基因组印记的差异。在原始生殖细胞中，母本和父本基因组存在基因组印记的差异，这是由胚胎发育过程中的DNA甲基化或其他表观遗传修饰建立的。在不受控制的环境因素的影响下，也可能发生计划外的表观遗传修饰，从而导致健康问题。然而，所有的表观遗传修饰在受精后被消除，而那些在胚胎或胎儿发育过程中影响生殖系的修饰不会遗传到第二代以外的- F2 -。表观遗传学不应被视为一种具有跨代影响的新型遗传，而应被视为一套与遗传调控相关的机制。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Cuadernos de Bioetica ETHICS-

CiteScore

0.70

自引率

20.00%

发文量

期刊介绍： La revista Cuadernos de Bioética, órgano oficial de la Asociación Española de Bioética y Ética Médica, publica cuatrimestralmente artículos y recensiones bibliográficas sobre todas las áreas de la bioética: fundamentación, ética de la investigación, bioética clínica, biojurídica, etc. Estos proceden de los aceptados en la revisión tutelada por los editores de la revista como de otros que por encargo el comité editorial solicite a sus autores. La edicion de la revista se financia con las aportaciones de los socios de AEBI.