Renal Pelvis Opacification on Postmyelography Computed Tomography as an Indicator for Cerebrospinal Fluid Loss in Spontaneous Intracranial Hypotension.

Abstract

Purpose: To assess early renal pelvis opacification on postmyelography computed tomography (CT) as a marker for cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) loss in patients with spontaneous intracranial hypotension (SIH).

Methods: The SIH patients referred to our hospital between January 2012 and May 2018 were retrospectively reviewed and divided into 2 groups based on the presence of spinal longitudinal extrathecal CSF collection (SLEC): (1) SLEC(+) with, and (2) SLEC(-) without proof of SLEC on multimodal imaging. Non-SIH patients (n = 20) undergoing CT myelography served as controls. The renal pelvis density on postmyelography CT was measured in all patients. Mean difference in renal pelvis density between the groups was calculated.

Results: In total, 111 SIH patients (mean age 48 ± 13 years; 60% female) were included, 71 (64%) SLEC(+) and 40 (36%) SLEC(-). The adjusted renal pelvis density in the SLEC(+), SLEC(-), and the non-SIH group was 108 Hounsfield unit (HU), 83 HU, and 32 HU, respectively, resulting in a significant difference between SLEC(+) vs. control group 1 (75 HU, p < 0.001), SLEC(-) vs. control group 1 (50 HU, p < 0.001), and a tendency for higher density in SLEC(+) than SLEC(-) (25 HU, p = 0.16).

Conclusion: Increased renal pelvis opacification on postmyelography CT was observed in SIH patients, even in the absence of a CSF leak or a CSF venous fistula, when compared to non-SIH patients. Although the provenance of early renal opacification in SLEC (-) SIH patients remains unclear, our results suggest that it may be a surrogate for increased spinal CSF resorption via spinal arachnoid granulations and along spinal nerve sheaths occult to direct imaging.