{"title":"Emergence of Triazole Resistance in <i>Aspergillus</i> spp. in Latin America.","authors":"Daiana Macedo, Florencia Leonardelli, Soledad Gamarra, Guillermo Garcia-Effron","doi":"10.1007/s12281-021-00418-6","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>Azole resistance in <i>Aspergillus</i> spp. is becoming a public health problem worldwide. However, data about this subject is lacking in Latin American countries. This review focuses in the epidemiology and molecular mechanisms of azole resistance in <i>Aspergillus</i> spp. emphasizing in Latin America. Data on <i>Aspergillus fumigatus</i> stands out because it is the most prevalent <i>Aspergillus</i> spp. pathogen.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Azole resistance in <i>Aspergillus</i> spp. emergence was linked with intensive use of these antifungals both in the clinical setting and in the environment (as pesticides). Reports on azole-resistant <i>A. fumigatus</i> strains are being constantly published in different countries. Molecular mechanisms of resistance mainly involve substitution in the azole target (<i>CYP51A</i>) and/or overexpression of this gene. However, several other non-<i>CYP51A</i>-related mechanisms were described. Moreover, intrinsically resistant cryptic <i>Aspergillus</i> species are starting to be reported as human pathogens.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>After a comprehensive literature review, it is clear that azole resistance in <i>Aspergillus</i> spp. is emerging in Latin America and perhaps it is underestimated. All the main molecular mechanisms of azole resistance were described in patients and/or environmental samples. Moreover, one of the molecular mechanisms was described only in South America. Cryptic intrinsic azole-resistant species are also described.</p>","PeriodicalId":10813,"journal":{"name":"Current Fungal Infection Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3000,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s12281-021-00418-6","citationCount":"5","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Current Fungal Infection Reports","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12281-021-00418-6","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2021/5/19 0:00:00","PubModel":"Epub","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"INFECTIOUS DISEASES","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
Abstract
Purpose of review: Azole resistance in Aspergillus spp. is becoming a public health problem worldwide. However, data about this subject is lacking in Latin American countries. This review focuses in the epidemiology and molecular mechanisms of azole resistance in Aspergillus spp. emphasizing in Latin America. Data on Aspergillus fumigatus stands out because it is the most prevalent Aspergillus spp. pathogen.
Recent findings: Azole resistance in Aspergillus spp. emergence was linked with intensive use of these antifungals both in the clinical setting and in the environment (as pesticides). Reports on azole-resistant A. fumigatus strains are being constantly published in different countries. Molecular mechanisms of resistance mainly involve substitution in the azole target (CYP51A) and/or overexpression of this gene. However, several other non-CYP51A-related mechanisms were described. Moreover, intrinsically resistant cryptic Aspergillus species are starting to be reported as human pathogens.
Summary: After a comprehensive literature review, it is clear that azole resistance in Aspergillus spp. is emerging in Latin America and perhaps it is underestimated. All the main molecular mechanisms of azole resistance were described in patients and/or environmental samples. Moreover, one of the molecular mechanisms was described only in South America. Cryptic intrinsic azole-resistant species are also described.
期刊介绍：
This journal intends to provide clear, insightful, balanced contributions that review the most important, recently published clinical findings related to the diagnosis, treatment, management, and prevention of fungal infections. We accomplish this aim by appointing international authorities to serve as Section Editors in key subject areas, such as advances in diagnosis, current and emerging management approaches, and genomics and pathogenesis. Section Editors, in turn, select topics for which leading experts contribute comprehensive review articles that emphasize new developments and recently published papers of major importance, highlighted by annotated reference lists. Commentaries from well-known figures in the field are also provided, and an international Editorial Board reviews the annual table of contents, suggests articles of special interest to their country/region, and ensures that topics are current and include emerging research.
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