{"title":"Differentiation, functions, and roles of T follicular regulatory cells in autoimmune diseases.","authors":"He Hao, Shingo Nakayamada, Yoshiya Tanaka","doi":"10.1186/s41232-021-00164-9","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>T follicular helper cells participate in stimulating germinal center (GC) formation and supporting B cell differentiation and autoantibody production. However, T follicular regulatory (Tfr) cells suppress B cell activation. Since changes in the number and functions of Tfr cells lead to dysregulated GC reaction and autoantibody response, targeting Tfr cells may benefit the treatment of autoimmune diseases. Differentiation of Tfr cells is a multistage and multifactorial process with various positive and negative regulators. Therefore, understanding the signals regulating Tfr cell generation is crucial for the development of targeted therapies. In this review, we discuss recent studies that have elucidated the roles of Tfr cells in autoimmune diseases and investigated the modulators of Tfr cell differentiation. Additionally, potential immunotherapies targeting Tfr cells are highlighted.</p>","PeriodicalId":13588,"journal":{"name":"Inflammation and Regeneration","volume":"41 1","pages":"14"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0000,"publicationDate":"2021-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1186/s41232-021-00164-9","citationCount":"18","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Inflammation and Regeneration","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s41232-021-00164-9","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"IMMUNOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 18
Abstract
T follicular helper cells participate in stimulating germinal center (GC) formation and supporting B cell differentiation and autoantibody production. However, T follicular regulatory (Tfr) cells suppress B cell activation. Since changes in the number and functions of Tfr cells lead to dysregulated GC reaction and autoantibody response, targeting Tfr cells may benefit the treatment of autoimmune diseases. Differentiation of Tfr cells is a multistage and multifactorial process with various positive and negative regulators. Therefore, understanding the signals regulating Tfr cell generation is crucial for the development of targeted therapies. In this review, we discuss recent studies that have elucidated the roles of Tfr cells in autoimmune diseases and investigated the modulators of Tfr cell differentiation. Additionally, potential immunotherapies targeting Tfr cells are highlighted.
期刊介绍：
Inflammation and Regeneration is the official journal of the Japanese Society of Inflammation and Regeneration (JSIR). This journal provides an open access forum which covers a wide range of scientific topics in the basic and clinical researches on inflammation and regenerative medicine. It also covers investigations of infectious diseases, including COVID-19 and other emerging infectious diseases, which involve the inflammatory responses.
Inflammation and Regeneration publishes papers in the following categories: research article, note, rapid communication, case report, review and clinical drug evaluation.
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