Dexmedetomidine and ketamine simultaneous administration in tigers (Panthera tigris): pharmacokinetics and clinical effects.

IF 1.3 Q2 VETERINARY SCIENCES
Veterinary Record Open Pub Date : 2020-11-03 eCollection Date: 2020-01-01 DOI:10.1136/vetreco-2020-000412
Federica Di Cesare, Petra Cagnardi, Roberto Villa, Vanessa Rabbogliatti, Lorena Lucatello, Francesca Capolongo, Daniela Gioeni, Michele Capasso, William Magnone, Giuliano Ravasio
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引用次数: 4

Abstract

Background: The study determines the pharmacokinetic profiles of dexmedetomidine (DEX), ketamine (KET) and its active metabolite, norketamine (NORKET), after simultaneous administration. Moreover, the study evaluates the sedative effects of this protocol, its influence on the main physiological variables and the occurrence of adverse effects.

Methods: Eighteen captive tigers were initially administered with a mixture of DEX (10 µg/kg) and KET (2 mg/kg) by remote intramuscular injection. In case of individual and specific needs, the protocol was modified and tigers could receive general anaesthesia, propofol or additional doses of DEX and KET.

Results: Based on the immobilisation protocol, nine animals were assigned to the standard protocol group and the other nine to the non-standard protocol group. Higher area under the first moment curve (AUMC0-last) and longer mean residence time (MRT0-last) (P<0.05) were observed in the non-standard protocol group for DEX, KET and NORKET, and higher area under the concentration-time curve from administration to the last measurable concentration (AUC0-last) only for KET. The KET metabolisation rate was similar (P=0.296) between groups. No differences between groups were detected in terms of stages of sedation and recoveries. All physiological variables remained within normality ranges during the whole observation period. During the hospitalisation period, no severe adverse reactions and signs of resedation were observed.

Conclusion: The simultaneous administration of 10 µg/kg of DEX and 2 mg/kg of KET can be considered an effective protocol for chemical immobilisation of captive tigers, along with dosage adjusments or when other drugs are needed.

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右美托咪定与氯胺酮同时给药虎的药代动力学及临床效果。
背景:本研究确定了右美托咪定(DEX)、氯胺酮(KET)及其活性代谢物诺氯胺酮(NORKET)在同时给药后的药动学特征。此外,本研究还评估了该方案的镇静作用、对主要生理变量的影响以及不良反应的发生情况。方法:对18只圈养老虎进行远程肌内注射,初始注射DEX(10µg/kg)和KET (2 mg/kg)的混合物。在个别和特殊需要的情况下,修改了方案,老虎可以接受全身麻醉、异丙酚或额外剂量的DEX和KET。结果:根据固定方案,9只动物被分配到标准方案组,另外9只动物被分配到非标准方案组。只有KET的第一弯矩曲线下面积(AUMC0-last)更高,平均停留时间(MRT0-last) (P0-last)更长。两组间KET代谢率相似(P=0.296)。在镇静和恢复的阶段方面,两组之间没有发现差异。在整个观察期内,所有生理指标均处于正常范围内。在住院期间,未观察到严重的不良反应和镇静迹象。结论:同时给药10µg/kg的DEX和2 mg/kg的KET可作为圈养老虎化学固定的有效方案,并可在需要时调整剂量或使用其他药物。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Veterinary Record Open
Veterinary Record Open VETERINARY SCIENCES-
CiteScore
3.00
自引率
0.00%
发文量
25
审稿时长
19 weeks
期刊介绍: Veterinary Record Open is a journal dedicated to publishing specialist veterinary research across a range of topic areas including those of a more niche and specialist nature to that considered in the weekly Vet Record. Research from all disciplines of veterinary interest will be considered. It is an Open Access journal of the British Veterinary Association.
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