Mitochondria Are Fundamental for the Emergence of Metazoans: On Metabolism, Genomic Regulation, and the Birth of Complex Organisms.

IF 8.7 1区 生物学 Q1 GENETICS & HEREDITY
Annual review of genetics Pub Date : 2020-11-23 Epub Date: 2020-08-28 DOI:10.1146/annurev-genet-021920-105545
Hadar Medini, Tal Cohen, Dan Mishmar
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引用次数: 9

Abstract

Out of many intracellular bacteria, only the mitochondria and chloroplasts abandoned their independence billions of years ago and became endosymbionts within the host eukaryotic cell. Consequently, one cannot grow eukaryotic cells without their mitochondria, and the mitochondria cannot divide outside of the cell, thus reflecting interdependence. Here, we argue that such interdependence underlies the fundamental role of mitochondrial activities in the emergence of metazoans. Several lines of evidence support our hypothesis: (a) Differentiation and embryogenesis rely on mitochondrial function; (b) mitochondrial metabolites are primary precursors for epigenetic modifications (such as methyl and acetyl), which are critical for chromatin remodeling and gene expression, particularly during differentiation and embryogenesis; and (c) mitonuclear coregulation adapted to accommodate both housekeeping and tissue-dependent metabolic needs. We discuss the evolution of the unique mitochondrial genetic system, mitochondrial metabolites, mitonuclear coregulation, and their critical roles in the emergence of metazoans and in human disorders.

线粒体是后生动物出现的基础:新陈代谢、基因组调控和复杂生物的诞生。
在许多胞内细菌中,只有线粒体和叶绿体在数十亿年前放弃了它们的独立性,成为宿主真核细胞内的内共生体。因此,没有线粒体就不能生长真核细胞,线粒体也不能在细胞外分裂,从而反映了相互依赖性。在这里,我们认为这种相互依赖是线粒体活动在后生动物出现中的基本作用的基础。有几条证据支持我们的假设:(a)分化和胚胎发生依赖于线粒体功能;(b)线粒体代谢物是表观遗传修饰(如甲基和乙酰基)的主要前体,对染色质重塑和基因表达至关重要,特别是在分化和胚胎发生过程中;(c)适应于内务管理和组织依赖性代谢需要的核协调调节。我们讨论了独特的线粒体遗传系统的进化,线粒体代谢物,有丝核协同调节,以及它们在后生动物的出现和人类疾病中的关键作用。
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来源期刊
Annual review of genetics
Annual review of genetics 生物-遗传学
CiteScore
18.30
自引率
0.90%
发文量
17
期刊介绍: The Annual Review of Genetics, published since 1967, comprehensively covers significant advancements in genetics. It encompasses various areas such as biochemical, behavioral, cell, and developmental genetics, evolutionary and population genetics, chromosome structure and transmission, gene function and expression, mutation and repair, genomics, immunogenetics, and other topics related to the genetics of viruses, bacteria, fungi, plants, animals, and humans.
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