Coronaviruses fusion with the membrane and entry to the host cell.

IF 1.2
Ewelina Wędrowska, Tomasz Wandtke, Tomasz Senderek, Elżbieta Piskorska, Piotr Kopiński
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引用次数: 10

Abstract

Coronaviruses (CoVs) are positive-strand RNA viruses with the largest genome among all RNA viruses. They are able to infect many host, such as mammals or birds. Whereas CoVs were identified 1930s, they became known again in 2003 as the agents of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS). The spike protein is thought to be essential in the process of CoVs entry, because it is associated with the binding to the receptor on the host cell. It is also involved in cell tropism and pathogenesis. Receptor recognition is the crucial step in the infection. CoVs are able to bind a variety of receptors, although the selection of receptor remains unclear. Coronaviruses were initially believed to enter cells by fusion with the plasma membrane. Further studies demonstrated that many of them involve endocytosis through clathrin-dependent, caveolae-dependent, clathrin-independent, as well as caveolae-independent mechanisms. The aim of this review is to summarise current knowledge about coronaviruses, focussing especially on CoVs entry into the host cell. Advances in understanding coronaviruses replication strategy and the functioning of the replicative structures are also highlighted. The development of host-directed antiviral therapy seems to be a promising way to treat infections with SARS-CoV or other pathogenic coronaviruses. There is still much to be discovered in the inventory of pro- and anti-viral host factors relevant for CoVs replication. The latest pandemic danger, originating from China, has given our previously prepared work even more of topicality.

冠状病毒与膜融合并进入宿主细胞。
冠状病毒是RNA病毒中基因组最大的正链RNA病毒。它们能够感染许多宿主,如哺乳动物或鸟类。冠状病毒是在20世纪30年代发现的,但在2003年,它们再次被称为严重急性呼吸系统综合症(SARS)的病原体。刺突蛋白被认为在冠状病毒进入过程中是必不可少的,因为它与宿主细胞上受体的结合有关。它还参与细胞向性和发病机制。受体识别是感染的关键步骤。冠状病毒能够结合多种受体,尽管受体的选择尚不清楚。冠状病毒最初被认为是通过与质膜融合进入细胞的。进一步的研究表明,它们中的许多通过网格蛋白依赖、小泡蛋白依赖、网格蛋白不依赖以及小泡蛋白不依赖的机制参与胞吞作用。这篇综述的目的是总结目前关于冠状病毒的知识,特别是关于冠状病毒进入宿主细胞的知识。重点介绍了在了解冠状病毒复制策略和复制结构功能方面的进展。宿主定向抗病毒治疗的发展似乎是治疗sars冠状病毒或其他致病性冠状病毒感染的一种有希望的方法。在与冠状病毒复制相关的亲病毒和抗病毒宿主因子清单中,仍有许多有待发现。来自中国的最新大流行危险使我们之前准备的工作更具时效性。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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