Ion channels and myogenic activity in retinal arterioles.

4区 生物学 Q4 Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Current topics in membranes Pub Date : 2020-01-01 Epub Date: 2020-02-26 DOI:10.1016/bs.ctm.2020.01.008
Peter Barabas, Josy Augustine, José A Fernández, J Graham McGeown, Mary K McGahon, Tim M Curtis
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引用次数: 6

Abstract

Retinal pressure autoregulation is an important mechanism that protects the retina by stabilizing retinal blood flow during changes in arterial or intraocular pressure. Similar to other vascular beds, retinal pressure autoregulation is thought to be mediated largely through the myogenic response of small arteries and arterioles which constrict when transmural pressure increases or dilate when it decreases. Over recent years, we and others have investigated the signaling pathways underlying the myogenic response in retinal arterioles, with particular emphasis on the involvement of different ion channels expressed in the smooth muscle layer of these vessels. Here, we review and extend previous work on the expression and spatial distribution of the plasma membrane and sarcoplasmic reticulum ion channels present in retinal vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and discuss their contribution to pressure-induced myogenic tone in retinal arterioles. This includes new data demonstrating that several key players and modulators of the myogenic response show distinctively heterogeneous expression along the length of the retinal arteriolar network, suggesting differences in myogenic signaling between larger and smaller pre-capillary arterioles. Our immunohistochemical investigations have also highlighted the presence of actin-containing microstructures called myobridges that connect the retinal VSMCs to one another. Although further work is still needed, studies to date investigating myogenic mechanisms in the retina have contributed to a better understanding of how blood flow is regulated in this tissue. They also provide a basis to direct future research into retinal diseases where blood flow changes contribute to the pathology.

视网膜小动脉中的离子通道和肌生成活动。
视网膜压力自动调节是在动脉或眼压变化时通过稳定视网膜血流来保护视网膜的重要机制。与其他血管床类似,视网膜压力自动调节被认为主要是通过小动脉和小动脉的肌源性反应介导的,当跨壁压力增加时,小动脉收缩,当跨壁压力降低时,小动脉扩张。近年来,我们和其他人研究了视网膜小动脉中肌生成反应的信号通路,特别强调了这些血管平滑肌层中表达的不同离子通道的参与。在此,我们回顾并扩展了之前关于视网膜血管平滑肌细胞(VSMCs)中存在的质膜和肌浆网离子通道的表达和空间分布的研究,并讨论了它们在视网膜小动脉压力诱导的肌原性张力中的作用。这包括新的数据表明,肌生成反应的几个关键参与者和调节剂在视网膜小动脉网络的长度上表现出明显的异质表达,这表明较大和较小的毛细血管前小动脉之间的肌生成信号存在差异。我们的免疫组织化学研究也强调了含有肌动蛋白的微结构的存在,称为肌桥,连接视网膜VSMCs彼此。虽然还需要进一步的工作,但迄今为止对视网膜肌生成机制的研究已经有助于更好地理解该组织中的血流是如何调节的。它们还为指导未来对视网膜疾病的研究提供了基础,在视网膜疾病中,血流变化会导致病理变化。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Current topics in membranes
Current topics in membranes 生物-生化与分子生物学
CiteScore
3.50
自引率
0.00%
发文量
10
审稿时长
>12 weeks
期刊介绍: Current Topics in Membranes provides a systematic, comprehensive, and rigorous approach to specific topics relevant to the study of cellular membranes. Each volume is a guest edited compendium of membrane biology.
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