Functional Amyloids and their Possible Influence on Alzheimer Disease.

Angus Lau, Matthew Bourkas, Yang Qing Qin Lu, Lauren Anne Ostrowski, Danielle Weber-Adrian, Carlyn Figueiredo, Hamza Arshad, Seyedeh Zahra Shams Shoaei, Christopher Daniel Morrone, Stuart Matan-Lithwick, Karan Joshua Abraham, Hansen Wang, Gerold Schmitt-Ulms
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Abstract

Amyloids play critical roles in human diseases but have increasingly been recognized to also exist naturally. Shared physicochemical characteristics of amyloids and of their smaller oligomeric building blocks offer the prospect of molecular interactions and crosstalk amongst these assemblies, including the propensity to mutually influence aggregation. A case in point might be the recent discovery of an interaction between the amyloid β peptide (Aβ) and somatostatin (SST). Whereas Aβ is best known for its role in Alzheimer disease (AD) as the main constituent of amyloid plaques, SST is intermittently stored in amyloid-form in dense core granules before its regulated release into the synaptic cleft. This review was written to introduce to readers a large body of literature that surrounds these two peptides. After introducing general concepts and recent progress related to our understanding of amyloids and their aggregation, the review focuses separately on the biogenesis and interactions of Aβ and SST, before attempting to assess the likelihood of encounters of the two peptides in the brain, and summarizing key observations linking SST to the pathobiology of AD. While the review focuses on Aβ and SST, it is to be anticipated that crosstalk amongst functional and disease-associated amyloids will emerge as a general theme with much broader significance in the etiology of dementias and other amyloidosis.

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功能性淀粉样蛋白及其对阿尔茨海默病的可能影响。
淀粉样蛋白在人类疾病中起着至关重要的作用,但人们越来越认识到淀粉样蛋白也是自然存在的。淀粉样蛋白及其较小的低聚物结构单元具有共同的物理化学特征,这为这些集合体之间的分子相互作用和相互影响提供了前景,包括相互影响聚集的倾向。最近发现的淀粉样β肽(Aβ)与体生长抑素(SST)之间的相互作用就是一个很好的例子。Aβ 作为淀粉样斑块的主要成分在阿尔茨海默病(AD)中的作用最为人熟知,而 SST 则以淀粉样形式间歇性地储存在致密的核心颗粒中,然后在调节下释放到突触间隙。本综述旨在向读者介绍围绕这两种肽的大量文献。在介绍了与我们对淀粉样蛋白及其聚集的理解有关的一般概念和最新进展之后,这篇综述分别关注了 Aβ 和 SST 的生物生成和相互作用,然后尝试评估这两种肽在大脑中相遇的可能性,并总结了将 SST 与 AD 的病理生物学联系起来的主要观察结果。虽然这篇综述的重点是 Aβ 和 SST,但可以预见的是,功能性淀粉样蛋白和疾病相关淀粉样蛋白之间的串扰将成为一个普遍的主题,在痴呆症和其他淀粉样变性病的病因学中具有更广泛的意义。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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