Ximenynic Acid Regulation of n-3 PUFA Content in Liver and Brain.

IF 2 4区医学 Q3 GENETICS & HEREDITY

Lifestyle Genomics Pub Date : 2020-01-01 Epub Date: 2020-02-07 DOI:10.1159/000502773

Fang Cai, Yandi Liu, Dhanushka S Hettiarachichi, Fenglei Wang, Jie Li, Bruce Sunderland, Duo Li

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引用次数: 6

Abstract

Background/aims: Ximenynic acid is a rare conjugated enyne fatty acid found primarily in plants in the Santalaceae family. It has been reported that sandalwood seed oil (SWSO) affects fatty acid metabolism in animal studies; however, the effects of pure ximenynic acid remain unclear. The present study aimed to study the impact of SWSO and ximenynic acid on n-3 fatty acid metabolism in the liver and brain.

Methods: Thirty C57BL/6 male mice aged 4 weeks were fed SWSO (1.0 mL/20 g bodyweight), olive oil (OO), or a combination of SWSO and OO (n = 10/group) for 8 weeks. Liver and brain fatty acid compositions were determined using gas chromatography. HepG2 cells were treated with up to 150 μM ximenynic acid and oleic acid for 48-72 h. The expression and abundance of genes and proteins relevant to n-3 fatty acid metabolism pathways were investigated.

Results: The intake of SWSO in mice elevated the levels of total n-3 fatty acids and decreased total n-9 fatty acids in the liver (p < 0.05) compared with the OO group. In contrast, total n-3 fatty acids were significantly decreased in the brain (p < 0.05). HepG2 cells treated with ximenynic acid for 48 h showed significant reductions in n-9 fatty acids and docosahexaenoic acid (C22:6n-3) (p < 0.05) compared with HepG2 cells treated with oleic acid. In HepG2 cells, stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) and fatty acid desaturase 2 (FADS2) gene expression, as well as FADS2 protein expression, were significantly down-regulated after a 72-h incubation with 150 μM of ximenynic acid compared with the vehicle (p < 0.05).

Conclusion: Ximenynic acid may regulate fatty acid metabolism by suppressing the expression of key enzymes of lipid metabolism. In contrast, SWSO, which has a high level of C18:3n-3, positively affected n-3 fatty acid synthesis in mouse liver compared to pure ximenynic acid. We hypothesize that a high level of precursor C18:3n-3 in SWSO promotes the endogenous synthesis of C22:6n-3 despite the presence of ximenynic acid.

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西美尼酸对肝、脑n-3 PUFA含量的调节作用。

背景/目的:Ximenynic acid是一种罕见的共轭烯脂肪酸，主要存在于Santalaceae植物中。据报道，檀香籽油(SWSO)在动物实验中影响脂肪酸代谢;然而，纯西门尼酸的效果尚不清楚。本研究旨在研究SWSO和ximenynic酸对肝脏和大脑n-3脂肪酸代谢的影响。方法:4周龄C57BL/6雄性小鼠30只，分别饲喂SWSO (1.0 mL/20 g体重)、橄榄油(OO)或SWSO与OO混合饲喂(n = 10/组)8周。采用气相色谱法测定肝、脑脂肪酸组成。以150 μM的ximenyic酸和油酸处理HepG2细胞48 ~ 72 h，观察n-3脂肪酸代谢途径相关基因和蛋白的表达和丰度。结果:与OO组相比，SWSO可使小鼠肝脏总n-3脂肪酸水平升高，总n-9脂肪酸水平降低(p < 0.05)。相比之下，脑内总n-3脂肪酸显著减少(p < 0.05)。与油酸处理HepG2细胞相比，ximenynic酸处理48 h后，HepG2细胞n-9脂肪酸和二十二碳六烯酸(C22:6n-3)含量显著降低(p < 0.05)。在HepG2细胞中，150 μM的ximenynic酸作用72 h后，硬脂酰辅酶a去饱和酶(SCD)和脂肪酸去饱和酶2 (FADS2)基因表达及FADS2蛋白表达均显著下调(p < 0.05)。结论:希美尼酸可能通过抑制脂质代谢关键酶的表达来调节脂肪酸代谢。相比之下，SWSO具有高水平的C18:3n-3，与纯希美尼酸相比，SWSO对小鼠肝脏中n-3脂肪酸的合成有积极影响。我们假设，尽管存在西美尼酸，SWSO中高水平的前体C18:3n-3促进内源性C22:6n-3的合成。

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来源期刊

Lifestyle Genomics Agricultural and Biological Sciences-Food Science

CiteScore

4.00

自引率

7.70%

发文量

审稿时长

28 weeks

期刊介绍： Lifestyle Genomics aims to provide a forum for highlighting new advances in the broad area of lifestyle-gene interactions and their influence on health and disease. The journal welcomes novel contributions that investigate how genetics may influence a person’s response to lifestyle factors, such as diet and nutrition, natural health products, physical activity, and sleep, amongst others. Additionally, contributions examining how lifestyle factors influence the expression/abundance of genes, proteins and metabolites in cell and animal models as well as in humans are also of interest. The journal will publish high-quality original research papers, brief research communications, reviews outlining timely advances in the field, and brief research methods pertaining to lifestyle genomics. It will also include a unique section under the heading “Market Place” presenting articles of companies active in the area of lifestyle genomics. Research articles will undergo rigorous scientific as well as statistical/bioinformatic review to ensure excellence.