Virotherapy as Potential Adjunct Therapy for Graft-Vs-Host Disease.

Q1 Medicine
Current Pathobiology Reports Pub Date : 2018-01-01 Epub Date: 2018-11-19 DOI:10.1007/s40139-018-0186-6
Nancy Y Villa, Grant McFadden
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Purpose of review: This review discusses the pathophysiology, risk factors, and the advances in the prevention or treatment of graft-vs-host disease (GvHD) by exploiting adjunct virotherapy. In addition, nonviral adjunct therapeutic options for the prevention of GvHD in the context of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) are discussed. The role of oncolytic viruses to treat different HSCT-eligible hematological cancers is also considered and correlated with the issue of GvHD in the context of allo-HSCT.

Recent findings: Emerging therapies focused on the prevention or treatment of GvHD include the use of regulatory T cells (Tregs), mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), microbiome manipulation, B cell inhibitors, among others. Our lab and others have reported that an oncolytic DNA virus from the Poxviridae family, called myxoma virus (MYXV), not only exhibits oncolytic activity against various hematologic malignancies like multiple myeloma (MM) or acute myeloid leukemia (AML) but also, in addition, ex vivo MYXV treatment of human allogeneic-bone marrow transplants (allo-BMT), or allo-peripheral blood mononuclear cell (allo-PBMC) transplants can abrogate GvHD in xenografted mice without impairing graft-vs-tumor (GvT) effects against residual cancer. To date, this is the first and the only oncolytic virus with a dual potential of mediating oncolysis against a residual cancer target and also inhibiting or preventing GvHD following allo-HSCT.

Summary: This review discusses how oncolytic virotherapy can be applied as a potential adjunct therapy for the potential treatment of GvHD. In addition, we highlight major emerging nonviral therapies currently studied for the treatment or prevention of GvHD. We also review the emerging oncolytic virotherapies against different hematological cancers currently eligible for allo-HSCT and highlight the potential role of the oncolytic virus MYXV to decrease GvHD while maintaining or enhancing the positive benefits of GvT.

Abstract Image

Abstract Image

作为移植物抗宿主病潜在辅助疗法的病毒疗法
综述的目的:本综述讨论了病理生理学、风险因素以及利用辅助病毒疗法预防或治疗移植物抗宿主疾病(GvHD)的进展。此外,还讨论了在异基因造血干细胞移植(allo-HSCT)中预防移植物抗宿主疾病的非病毒辅助治疗方案。此外,还考虑了溶瘤病毒在治疗符合造血干细胞移植条件的不同血液癌症中的作用,并将其与异基因造血干细胞移植中的血吸虫病问题联系起来:预防或治疗GvHD的新兴疗法包括使用调节性T细胞(Tregs)、间充质干细胞(MSCs)、微生物组操作、B细胞抑制剂等。我们实验室和其他实验室报告说,一种来自痘病毒科的DNA溶瘤病毒(MYXV)不仅对多发性骨髓瘤(MM)或急性髓性白血病(AML)等各种血液系统恶性肿瘤具有溶瘤活性,而且还能在体内外对MYXV病毒进行检测、此外,MYXV 对人类异体骨髓移植(allo-BMT)或异体外周血单核细胞移植(allo-PBMC)的体外处理,可减轻异种移植小鼠的GvHD,而不影响对残留癌症的移植物抗肿瘤(GvT)效果。摘要:本综述讨论了溶瘤病毒疗法如何作为一种潜在的辅助疗法用于治疗GvHD。此外,我们还重点介绍了目前用于治疗或预防GvHD的主要新兴非病毒疗法。我们还回顾了针对目前符合allo-HSCT条件的不同血液肿瘤的新出现的溶瘤病毒疗法,并强调了溶瘤病毒MYXV在减少GvHD的同时保持或增强GvT的积极疗效的潜在作用。
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来源期刊
Current Pathobiology Reports
Current Pathobiology Reports Medicine-Pathology and Forensic Medicine
CiteScore
6.40
自引率
0.00%
发文量
3
期刊介绍: This journal aims to offer expert review articles on the most important recent research pertaining to biological mechanisms underlying disease, including etiology, pathogenesis, and the clinical manifestations of cellular alteration. By providing clear, insightful, balanced contributions, the journal intends to serve those for whom the elucidation of new techniques and technologies related to pathobiology is essential. We accomplish this aim by appointing international authorities to serve as Section Editors in key subject areas across the field. Section Editors select topics for which leading experts contribute comprehensive review articles that emphasize new developments and recently published papers of major importance, highlighted by annotated reference lists. An Editorial Board of more than 20 internationally diverse members reviews the annual table of contents, ensures that topics include emerging research, and suggests topics of special importance to their country/region. Topics covered may include autophagy, cancer stem cells, induced pluripotential stem cells (iPS cells), inflammation and cancer, matrix pathobiology, miRNA in pathobiology, mitochondrial dysfunction/diseases, and myofibroblast.
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