Luminescent Probe Based Techniques for Hypoxia Imaging.

Journal of Nanomedicine Research Pub Date : 2017-01-01 Epub Date: 2017-11-20 DOI:10.15406/jnmr.2017.06.00160
Sana Sandhu, LeNaiya Kydd, Justyn Jaworski
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Abstract

Hypoxia is a condition of tissue environments wherein a lower than normal level of oxygen is available, and it serves as the root cause and indicator of various diseases. Detection of hypoxia in tumors is imperative for furthering our understanding of the pathological effects and the development of proper treatments, as it is well established that hypoxic tumors are able to impede the cancer treatment process by being resistant to many therapies. It is important therefore to be able to detect hypoxia in tissues and tumors through in vivo imaging methods. A growing area for detection of hypoxia in vivo is the use of fluorescent/luminescent probes which has accelerated in recent years. The continued quest for improvements in selectivity and sensitivity has inspired researchers to pursue new strategies for fluorescence/luminescent probe design. This review will discuss various luminescent probes based on small molecules, dyes, macromolecules, and nanoparticles for sensitive and specific detection of oxygen levels directly or by indirect mechanisms such as the presence of enzymes or related factors that arise in a hypoxic environment. Following the particular mechanism of detection, each probe has specific structural and photophysical properties which permit its selectivity and sensitivity. These probes show promise in terms of low toxicity and high specificity among other merits discussed, and in providing new dimensions for hypoxia detection, these works contribute to future potential methods for clinical diagnosis of hypoxic tissues and tumors.

Abstract Image

Abstract Image

基于发光探针的缺氧成像技术。
缺氧是组织环境中氧气含量低于正常水平的一种状态,是各种疾病的根源和指标。检测肿瘤中的缺氧对我们进一步了解病理效应和开发适当的治疗方法至关重要,因为缺氧肿瘤能够对许多疗法产生抗药性,从而阻碍癌症治疗进程。因此,通过体内成像方法检测组织和肿瘤中的缺氧情况非常重要。近年来,荧光/发光探针的使用在体内缺氧检测领域不断发展。对提高选择性和灵敏度的不断追求激发了研究人员对荧光/发光探针设计新策略的追求。本综述将讨论基于小分子、染料、大分子和纳米粒子的各种发光探针,这些探针可直接或通过间接机制(如缺氧环境中出现的酶或相关因素)灵敏而特异地检测氧气水平。根据特定的检测机制,每种探针都具有特定的结构和光物理特性,从而使其具有选择性和灵敏度。这些探针具有低毒性和高特异性等优点,为缺氧检测提供了新的维度,这些研究成果为未来临床诊断缺氧组织和肿瘤的潜在方法做出了贡献。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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