[Changes in Elemental and Isotopic Composition Accompanying Larval Growth and Metamorphosis of the Moor Frog].

Ontogenez Pub Date : 2017-01-01
Yu K Doronin, A V Tiunov, E N Kalistratova
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Abstract

A variety of early ontogenetic events of anuran species (growth, structural and biochemical diversification, metamorphosis) offers a unique opportunity to evaluate the effectiveness and application limits of mass spectrometry method for the analysis of metabolic and transformation events in developing organisms. The dynamics of relative carbon and nitrogen contents and stable isotopes of these elements during larval development in the period of metamorphosis climax and after its conclusion in moor frog specimens developing in their natural habitat and in vitro on a referent diet are traced. A decrease in C/N ratio and enrichment of the tissues with heavy stable isotopes of carbon and nitrogen during embryonal and larval development (prior to the beginning of independent feeding) indicates the increase in the portion and variety of proteins, accompanied by consumption of yolk lipids. The relative nitrogen content increase and C/N ratio decreases with the growth and development of independently feeding tadpoles, which indicates surpassing increase of the portion of proteins in tissues. In growing tadpoles, the rates of tissue renewal in general and rates of protein metabolism in particular affect the kinetics of changes of tissue isotope composition, which approaches isotope composition of the consumed food. A decrease in С/N ratio in the bodies of metamorphs during mass tissue decomposition is indicative of continuing reconstruction of larval organs and growth of anlage of definitive organs. Significant increase of C/N ratio and depletion of liver samples by heavy carbon isotopes are associated with intensive synthesis and reservation of lipids within the organ. Strong enrichment of metamorphs’ tissues with heavy nitrogen isotope indicates the substitution of ammoniotelic type of nitrogen metabolism by urotelic type. Decrease in C/N ratio and enrichment of tissues by heavy carbon isotope may be connected to intensive oxidation of lipids, which supports the growing energy costs of terrestrial underyearlings. Relative contents of heavy nitrogen isotope in the tissues of underyearlings does not change compared to the tissues of metamorphs.

[沼泽蛙幼体生长和蜕变过程中元素和同位素组成的变化]。
动物物种的各种早期个体发生事件(生长、结构和生化多样化、变态)提供了一个独特的机会来评估质谱法分析发育中生物代谢和转化事件的有效性和应用局限性。研究了沼泽蛙在自然生境和体外饲养条件下,在变态高潮期和变态结束后幼虫发育过程中碳氮相对含量和稳定同位素的动态变化。在胚胎和幼虫发育期间(开始独立饲养之前),碳氮比下降,碳氮稳定同位素重的组织富集,表明蛋白质的比例和种类增加,伴随着蛋黄脂质的消耗。随着独立摄食蝌蚪的生长发育,相对氮含量增加,碳氮比降低,这表明组织中蛋白质的比例超过了增加。在蝌蚪的生长过程中,组织更新的速度,特别是蛋白质代谢的速度影响着组织同位素组成变化的动力学,这接近于所消耗食物的同位素组成。在组织分解过程中,变形虫体内С/N比值的下降表明幼虫器官的持续重建和最终器官的生长。碳氮比的显著增加和肝脏样品的重碳同位素耗竭与器官内脂质的密集合成和保留有关。重氮同位素的变质岩组织富集表明氮代谢由氨溶型转化为尿溶型。碳氮比的降低和重碳同位素对组织的富集可能与脂质的强烈氧化有关,这支持了陆生幼体不断增长的能量消耗。幼体组织中重氮同位素相对含量与变质体组织相比没有变化。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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