HIV and Viral Hepatitis Among Imprisoned Key Populations.

IF 3.8 2区 医学 Q1 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH
Andrea L Wirtz, Ping T Yeh, Natalie L Flath, Chris Beyrer, Kate Dolan
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引用次数: 38

Abstract

Prisons and other closed facilities create opportunities for transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and viral hepatitis during detention and after release. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of peer-reviewed publications (2005-2015) to describe the prevalence of HIV, hepatitis C virus, and hepatitis B virus among key populations in prisons worldwide and to compare estimates of infection with those of other prison populations. Most data were reported for people who inject drugs (PWID; n = 72) and for men who have sex with men (MSM; n = 21); few data were reported on sex workers (SW; n = 6), or transgender women (n = 2). Publications were identified from 29 countries, predominantly middle- and high-income countries. Globally, PWID had 6 times the prevalence of HIV (pooled prevalence ratio (PPR) = 6.0, 95% CI: 3.8, 9.4), 8 times the prevalence of hepatitis C virus (PPR = 8.1, 95% CI: 6.4, 10.4), and 2 times the prevalence of hepatitis B virus (PPR = 2.0, 95% CI: 1.5, 2.7) compared with noninjecting prisoner populations. Among these articles, only those from Iran, Scotland, Spain, and Italy included the availability of methadone therapy; 2 articles included information on access to needle exchange programs by PWID detainees. HIV prevalence was more than 2 times higher among SW (PPR = 2.6, 95% CI: 2.2, 3.1) and 5 times higher among MSM (PPR = 5.3, 95% CI: 3.5, 7.9) compared with other prisoners. None of these articles reported HIV prevention coverage among SW or transgender women; 1 described HIV and sexually transmitted infection screening for MSM in prison. Prevention programs specific to key populations are important, particularly for populations that are criminalized and/or may cycle in and out of prison.

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监禁重点人群中的艾滋病毒和病毒性肝炎。
监狱和其他封闭设施在拘留期间和释放后为人体免疫缺陷病毒(艾滋病毒)和病毒性肝炎的传播创造了机会。我们对同行评审的出版物(2005-2015年)进行了系统回顾和荟萃分析,以描述全球监狱关键人群中艾滋病毒、丙型肝炎病毒和乙型肝炎病毒的流行情况,并将其与其他监狱人群的感染估计数进行比较。报告的大多数数据是针对注射吸毒者(PWID;n = 72)和男男性行为者(MSM;N = 21);很少有关于性工作者的数据报告(SW;n = 6),或变性女性(n = 2)。论文来自29个国家,主要是中等收入和高收入国家。在全球范围内,与非注射囚犯人群相比,PWID的HIV患病率为6倍(合并患病率(PPR) = 6.0, 95% CI: 3.8, 9.4),丙型肝炎病毒患病率为8倍(PPR = 8.1, 95% CI: 6.4, 10.4),乙型肝炎病毒患病率为2倍(PPR = 2.0, 95% CI: 1.5, 2.7)。在这些文章中,只有来自伊朗、苏格兰、西班牙和意大利的文章包括美沙酮治疗的可用性;2篇文章包括PWID在押人员获得针头交换项目的信息。与其他囚犯相比,SW囚犯的HIV患病率高出2倍多(PPR = 2.6, 95% CI: 2.2, 3.1), MSM囚犯的HIV患病率高出5倍(PPR = 5.3, 95% CI: 3.5, 7.9)。这些文章都没有报道性侵妇女或变性妇女的艾滋病毒预防覆盖率;1描述了监狱中男男性行为者的艾滋病毒和性传播感染筛查。针对重点人群的预防方案很重要,特别是对犯罪和/或可能进出监狱的人群。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Epidemiologic Reviews
Epidemiologic Reviews 医学-公共卫生、环境卫生与职业卫生
CiteScore
8.10
自引率
0.00%
发文量
10
期刊介绍: Epidemiologic Reviews is a leading review journal in public health. Published once a year, issues collect review articles on a particular subject. Recent issues have focused on The Obesity Epidemic, Epidemiologic Research on Health Disparities, and Epidemiologic Approaches to Global Health.
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