Phylogeny of xerophilic aspergilli (subgenus Aspergillus) and taxonomic revision of section Restricti

IF 14.1 1区 生物学 Q1 MYCOLOGY
F. Sklenář , Ž. Jurjević , P. Zalar , J.C. Frisvad , C.M. Visagie , M. Kolařík , J. Houbraken , A.J. Chen , N. Yilmaz , K.A. Seifert , M. Coton , F. Déniel , N. Gunde-Cimerman , R.A. Samson , S.W. Peterson , V. Hubka
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引用次数: 61

Abstract

Aspergillus section Restricti together with sister section Aspergillus (formerly Eurotium) comprises xerophilic species, that are able to grow on substrates with low water activity and in extreme environments. We adressed the monophyly of both sections within subgenus Aspergillus and applied a multidisciplinary approach for definition of species boundaries in sect. Restricti. The monophyly of sections Aspergillus and Restricti was tested on a set of 102 isolates comprising all currently accepted species and was strongly supported by Maximum likelihood (ML) and Bayesian inferrence (BI) analysis based on β-tubulin (benA), calmodulin (CaM) and RNA polymerase II second largest subunit (RPB2) loci. More than 300 strains belonging to sect. Restricti from various isolation sources and four continents were characterized by DNA sequencing, and 193 isolates were selected for phylogenetic analyses and phenotypic studies. Species delimitation methods based on multispecies coalescent model were employed on DNA sequences from four loci, i.e., ID region of rDNA (ITS + 28S), CaM, benA and RPB2, and supported recognition of 21 species, including 14 new. All these species were also strongly supported in ML and BI analyses. All recognised species can be reliably identified by all four examined genetic loci. Phenotype analysis was performed to support the delimitation of new species and includes colony characteristics on seven cultivation media incubated at several temperatures, growth on an osmotic gradient (six media with NaCl concentration from 0 to 25 %) and analysis of morphology including scanning electron microscopy. The micromorphology of conidial heads, vesicle dimensions, temperature profiles and growth parameters in osmotic gradient were useful criteria for species identification.

The vast majority of species in sect. Restricti produce asperglaucide, asperphenamate or both in contrast to species in sect. Aspergillus. Mycophenolic acid was detected for the first time in at least six members of the section. The ascomata of A. halophilicus do not contain auroglaucin, epiheveadride or flavoglaucin which are common in sect. Aspergillus, but shares the echinulins with sect. Aspergillus.

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嗜干曲霉(曲霉亚属)的系统发育及限制性部分的分类修订
限制性曲霉(Aspergillus section Restricti)及其姊妹菌种曲霉(Aspergillus前身为Eurotium)包括嗜干性菌种,它们能够在低水活度的基质和极端环境中生长。我们讨论了曲霉亚属中两个部分的单系性,并应用多学科方法定义了限制节中的种边界。基于β-微管蛋白(benA)、钙调蛋白(CaM)和RNA聚合酶II第二大亚基(RPB2)位点的最大似然(ML)和贝叶斯推理(BI)分析结果有力地支持了Aspergillus和Restricti片段的单系性。对来自四大洲不同分离源的300余株限制性菌进行了DNA测序,并对193株进行了系统发育分析和表型研究。采用基于多物种聚结模型的物种划分方法,对rDNA ID区(ITS + 28S)、CaM、benA和RPB2 4个位点的DNA序列进行了识别,支持了21个物种的识别,其中包括14个新种。所有这些物种在ML和BI分析中也得到了强有力的支持。所有被识别的物种都可以通过所有四个被检查的遗传位点可靠地识别出来。表型分析支持新种的划分,包括在不同温度下培养的7种培养基上的菌落特征,在渗透梯度上的生长(6种NaCl浓度从0到25%)以及包括扫描电镜在内的形态学分析。分生孢子头的微观形态、囊泡尺寸、温度分布和渗透梯度下的生长参数是物种鉴定的有用标准。与曲霉节中的种相比,限制节中的绝大多数种产生Aspergillus中的种的杀菌剂,asperphenamate或两者。霉酚酸在该组至少6个成员中首次被检测到。嗜盐假单胞菌的子囊不含曲霉科常见的金绿霉素、表黄苷或黄绿霉素,但与曲霉科有相同的紫锥霉素。
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来源期刊
Studies in Mycology
Studies in Mycology 生物-真菌学
CiteScore
35.60
自引率
3.00%
发文量
7
期刊介绍: The international journal Studies in Mycology focuses on advancing the understanding of filamentous fungi, yeasts, and various aspects of mycology. It publishes comprehensive systematic monographs as well as topical issues covering a wide range of subjects including biotechnology, ecology, molecular biology, pathology, and systematics. This Open-Access journal offers unrestricted access to its content. Each issue of Studies in Mycology consists of around 5 to 6 papers, either in the form of monographs or special focused topics. Unlike traditional length restrictions, the journal encourages submissions of manuscripts with a minimum of 50 A4 pages in print. This ensures a thorough exploration and presentation of the research findings, maximizing the depth of the published work.
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