Two-Step Irradiance Treatment Can Achieve Excellent Pain Control During Red Light 5-Aminolevulinic Acid Photodynamic Therapy for Actinic Keratoses.

Abstract

Objective: To evaluate the ability of two-step irradiance to maintain pain control during red light 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) photodynamic therapy (PDT) for actinic keratoses (AK) and assess factors influencing pain.

Background: PDT provides excellent clinical and cosmetic results in the treatment AK and early basal cell carcinomas (BCC). Widespread use of PDT is limited, in part, by pain. A two-step irradiance method for PDT has previously been shown to significantly reduce PDT-associated pain during the treatment of BCC, but the ability of this method to limit pain during the treatment of AKs has not been reported.

Methods: We performed a retrospective chart review to assess the level of pain during AK treatment by red light PDT (n = 99). Natural density filter was used to reduce the irradiance of the light source and initially 10 J/cm² dose was delivered at 35 mW/cm² and then, 65 J/cm² dose was delivered at 70 mW/cm². Pain level was measured using a 10-point visual analog scale at three points during the procedure.

Results: Pain was low to moderate in most patients (mean ± standard error of the mean pain score: 2.35 ± 0.19). Higher pain was seen midprocedure versus at the beginning (p < 0.0001) and at the end (p = 0.003) of PDT. There was no significant difference in pain perception between genders and different treatment areas.

Conclusions: Our results provide evidence that red light ALA PDT of AKs is very well tolerated with the two-step irradiance protocol.