Cue combination encoding via contextual modulation of V1 and V2 neurons.

IF 3.1 Q1 OPHTHALMOLOGY
Eye and Brain Pub Date : 2016-10-21 eCollection Date: 2016-01-01 DOI:10.2147/EB.S105616
Mark D Zarella, Daniel Y Ts'o
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引用次数: 2

Abstract

Neurons in early visual cortical areas encode the local properties of a stimulus in a number of different feature dimensions such as color, orientation, and motion. It has been shown, however, that stimuli presented well beyond the confines of the classical receptive field can augment these responses in a way that emphasizes these local attributes within the greater context of the visual scene. This mechanism imparts global information to cells that are otherwise considered local feature detectors and can potentially serve as an important foundation for surface segmentation, texture representation, and figure-ground segregation. The role of early visual cortex toward these functions remains somewhat of an enigma, as it is unclear how surface segmentation cues are integrated from multiple feature dimensions. We examined the impact of orientation- and motion-defined surface segmentation cues in V1 and V2 neurons using a stimulus in which the two features are completely separable. We find that, although some cells are modulated in a cue-invariant manner, many cells are influenced by only one cue or the other. Furthermore, cells that are modulated by both cues tend to be more strongly affected when both cues are presented together than when presented individually. These results demonstrate two mechanisms by which cue combinations can enhance salience. We find that feature-specific populations are more frequently encountered in V1, while cue additivity is more prominent in V2. These results highlight how two strongly interconnected areas at different stages in the cortical hierarchy can potentially contribute to scene segmentation.

Abstract Image

Abstract Image

Abstract Image

线索组合编码通过V1和V2神经元的上下文调制。
早期视觉皮质区域的神经元将刺激的局部特性编码为许多不同的特征维度,如颜色、方向和运动。然而,研究表明,远远超出经典接受野范围的刺激可以以一种方式增强这些反应,在更大的视觉场景背景下强调这些局部属性。这种机制将全局信息传递给被认为是局部特征检测器的细胞,并可能作为表面分割、纹理表示和图底分离的重要基础。早期视觉皮层对这些功能的作用仍然是一个谜,因为尚不清楚如何从多个特征维度整合表面分割线索。我们研究了方向和运动定义的表面分割线索对V1和V2神经元的影响,使用两个特征完全可分离的刺激。我们发现,尽管一些细胞以一种线索不变的方式被调制,但许多细胞仅受一种线索或另一种线索的影响。此外,受两种信号调节的细胞在两种信号同时呈现时比单独呈现时受到的影响更大。这些结果证明了线索组合可以增强显著性的两种机制。我们发现特征特定种群在V1中更常见,而线索可加性在V2中更突出。这些结果强调了在皮层层次的不同阶段,两个紧密相连的区域是如何潜在地促进场景分割的。
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来源期刊
Eye and Brain
Eye and Brain OPHTHALMOLOGY-
CiteScore
7.90
自引率
2.30%
发文量
12
审稿时长
16 weeks
期刊介绍: Eye and Brain is an international, peer-reviewed, open access journal focusing on basic research, clinical findings, and expert reviews in the field of visual science and neuro-ophthalmology. The journal’s unique focus is the link between two well-known visual centres, the eye and the brain, with an emphasis on the importance of such connections. All aspects of clinical and especially basic research on the visual system are addressed within the journal as well as significant future directions in vision research and therapeutic measures. This unique journal focuses on neurological aspects of vision – both physiological and pathological. The scope of the journal spans from the cornea to the associational visual cortex and all the visual centers in between. Topics range from basic biological mechanisms to therapeutic treatment, from simple organisms to humans, and utilizing techniques from molecular biology to behavior. The journal especially welcomes primary research articles or review papers that make the connection between the eye and the brain. Specific areas covered in the journal include: Physiology and pathophysiology of visual centers, Eye movement disorders and strabismus, Cellular, biochemical, and molecular features of the visual system, Structural and functional organization of the eye and of the visual cortex, Metabolic demands of the visual system, Diseases and disorders with neuro-ophthalmic manifestations, Clinical and experimental neuro-ophthalmology and visual system pathologies, Epidemiological studies.
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