A role of ZnO nanoparticle electrostatic properties in cancer cell cytotoxicity.

IF 4.9 Q2 NANOSCIENCE & NANOTECHNOLOGY
Nanotechnology, Science and Applications Pub Date : 2016-07-15 eCollection Date: 2016-01-01 DOI:10.2147/NSA.S99747
Denise Wingett, Panagiota Louka, Catherine B Anders, Jianhui Zhang, Alex Punnoose
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引用次数: 25

Abstract

ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) have previously been shown to exhibit selective cytotoxicity against certain types of cancerous cells suggesting their potential use in biomedical applications. In this study, we investigate the effect of surface modification of ZnO NPs on their cytotoxicity to both cancerous and primary T cells. Our results show that polyacrylic acid capping produces negatively charged ZnO NPs that are significantly more toxic compared to uncapped positively charged NPs of identical size and composition. In contrast, the greatest selectivity against cancerous cells relative to normal cells is observed with cationic NPs. In addition, differences in NP cytotoxicity inversely correlate with NP hydrodynamic size, propensity for aggregation, and dissolution profiles. The generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was also observed in the toxicity mechanism with anionic NPs generating higher levels of mitochondrial superoxide without appreciably affecting glutathione levels. Additional experiments evaluated the combined effects of charged ZnO NPs and nontoxic cationic or anionic CeO2 NPs. Results show that the CeO2 NPs offer protective effects against cytotoxicity from anionic ZnO NPs via antioxidant properties. Altogether, study data indicate that surface modification of NPs and resulting changes in their surface charge affect the level of intracellular ROS production, which can be ameliorated by the CeO2 ROS scavenger, suggesting that ROS generation is a dominant mechanism of ZnO NP cytotoxicity. These findings demonstrate the importance of surface electrostatic properties for controlling NP toxicity and illustrate an approach for engineering NPs with desired properties for potential use in biological applications.

氧化锌纳米粒子静电特性在癌细胞细胞毒性中的作用。
ZnO纳米颗粒(NPs)先前已被证明对某些类型的癌细胞具有选择性的细胞毒性,这表明它们在生物医学上的潜在应用。在这项研究中,我们研究了氧化锌NPs的表面修饰对其对癌性和原代T细胞的细胞毒性的影响。我们的研究结果表明,在相同大小和组成的情况下,聚丙烯酸盖层产生的带负电的ZnO NPs比未盖层的带正电的NPs毒性大得多。相反,相对于正常细胞,阳离子NPs对癌细胞的选择性最大。此外,NP细胞毒性的差异与NP流体动力学大小、聚集倾向和溶解谱呈负相关。在毒性机制中也观察到活性氧(ROS)的产生,阴离子NPs产生更高水平的线粒体超氧化物,而不会明显影响谷胱甘肽水平。另外的实验评估了带电ZnO NPs和无毒阳离子或阴离子CeO2 NPs的综合效应。结果表明,CeO2 NPs通过抗氧化性能对阴离子ZnO NPs的细胞毒性具有保护作用。综上所述,研究数据表明,NPs的表面修饰及其表面电荷的变化会影响细胞内ROS的产生水平,而CeO2 ROS清除剂可以改善细胞内ROS的产生,这表明ROS的产生是ZnO NP细胞毒性的主要机制。这些发现证明了表面静电特性对控制NP毒性的重要性,并说明了一种具有潜在生物学应用所需特性的工程NP的方法。
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来源期刊
Nanotechnology, Science and Applications
Nanotechnology, Science and Applications NANOSCIENCE & NANOTECHNOLOGY-
CiteScore
11.70
自引率
0.00%
发文量
3
审稿时长
16 weeks
期刊介绍: Nanotechnology, Science and Applications is an international, peer-reviewed, Open Access journal that focuses on the science of nanotechnology in a wide range of industrial and academic applications. The journal is characterized by the rapid reporting of reviews, original research, and application studies across all sectors, including engineering, optics, bio-medicine, cosmetics, textiles, resource sustainability and science. Applied research into nano-materials, particles, nano-structures and fabrication, diagnostics and analytics, drug delivery and toxicology constitute the primary direction of the journal.
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