Facile electrostatic incorporation of the food dye, Dianthine B, for an ultrasensitive tracking and quantification of fexofenadine drug employing an ''on-on++ fluorescence'' strategy

Abstract

This research presents a facile spectrofluorimetric technique for detecting fexofenadine (FXD) drug based on the idea of Dianthine B's Resonance Rayleigh Scattering response augmentation. A food dye, Dianthine B (DB), is a fluoresine base-structured pigment used as a food additive, flavor, bio-stainer, and for a medicational prognosis purpose. Interest in employing food additives for tagging and tracking has increased because of their safety, elevated quantum outputs, and propensity to biomaterials labeling. The planned method validated and evaluated the target drug quickly and efficiently using a direct, facile, simple, and single-pot-single-step spectrofluorimetric approach, making it more favorable to the environment. Facile coupling between FXD and Dianthine B occurred rapidly in an acidic environment. A correlation was established between the increased responsiveness of the food dye to Resonance Rayleigh Scattering signals as a result of FXD and the molecular size of the coupled product formed at 361 nm. The linear range was determined to be from 50 to 1500 ng mL⁻¹, while the sensitivity limits were 15 ng mL⁻¹ for LOD and 46 ng mL⁻¹ for LOQ. Analyte-dye coupled products were studied to establish the optimal settings for the system's tunable variables. Additionally, there were no problems with the system meeting the International Council for harmonisation ICH requirements. Plus, enough of the material was retrieved for medicinal applications. The coupled product's quantum yield was evaluated. Additionally, the environmental evaluation of the proposed system was done using ecological metrics, including an eco-scale (95/100), the National Environmental Methods Index, NEMI (full green pictograms), the Green Analytical Procedure Index (GAPI), and the Analytical GREEnness Measure, AGREE (0.8/1). These results indicated that the planned method's significant level of greenness was achieved.