Virulence Genes among Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium Isolated from Coastal Beaches and Human and Nonhuman Sources in Southern California and Puerto Rico.

IF 16.4 1区化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Accounts of Chemical Research Pub Date : 2016-01-01 Epub Date: 2016-04-10 DOI:10.1155/2016/3437214

Donna M Ferguson, Ginamary Negrón Talavera, Luis A Ríos Hernández, Stephen B Weisberg, Richard F Ambrose, Jennifer A Jay

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引用次数: 27

Abstract

Most Enterococcus faecalis and E. faecium are harmless to humans; however, strains harboring virulence genes, including esp, gelE, cylA, asa1, and hyl, have been associated with human infections. E. faecalis and E. faecium are present in beach waters worldwide, yet little is known about their virulence potential. Here, multiplex PCR was used to compare the distribution of virulence genes among E. faecalis and E. faecium isolated from beaches in Southern California and Puerto Rico to isolates from potential sources including humans, animals, birds, and plants. All five virulence genes were found in E. faecalis and E. faecium from beach water, mostly among E. faecalis. gelE was the most common among isolates from all source types. There was a lower incidence of asa1, esp, cylA, and hyl genes among isolates from beach water, sewage, septage, urban runoff, sea wrack, and eelgrass as compared to human isolates, indicating that virulent strains of E. faecalis and E. faecium may not be widely disseminated at beaches. A higher frequency of asa1 and esp among E. faecalis from dogs and of asa1 among birds (mostly seagull) suggests that further studies on the distribution and virulence potential of strains carrying these genes may be warranted.

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南加州和波多黎各海岸海滩人源和非人源分离的粪肠球菌和粪肠球菌的毒力基因

大多数粪肠球菌和粪肠球菌对人类无害;然而，含有毒力基因的菌株，包括esp、gelE、cylA、asa1和hyl，与人类感染有关。粪肠杆菌和粪肠杆菌存在于世界各地的海滩水域，但对其潜在的毒力知之甚少。本研究采用多重PCR方法比较了从南加州和波多黎各海滩分离的粪肠球菌和粪肠球菌与从人类、动物、鸟类和植物等潜在来源分离的粪肠球菌的毒力基因分布。5种毒力基因均在粪肠杆菌和滩水粪肠杆菌中发现，且以粪肠杆菌居多。gelE在所有源型分离物中最为常见。海滩水、污水、污水、城市径流、海难和大叶藻分离株中asa1、esp、cylA和hyl基因的发生率低于人类分离株，表明毒力强的粪肠杆菌和粪肠杆菌可能不会在海滩广泛传播。asa1在狗的粪肠杆菌和鸟类(主要是海鸥)中的较高频率表明，对携带这些基因的菌株的分布和毒性潜力的进一步研究可能是有必要的。

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来源期刊

Accounts of Chemical Research 化学-化学综合

CiteScore

31.40

自引率

1.10%

发文量

312

审稿时长

2 months

期刊介绍： Accounts of Chemical Research presents short, concise and critical articles offering easy-to-read overviews of basic research and applications in all areas of chemistry and biochemistry. These short reviews focus on research from the author’s own laboratory and are designed to teach the reader about a research project. In addition, Accounts of Chemical Research publishes commentaries that give an informed opinion on a current research problem. Special Issues online are devoted to a single topic of unusual activity and significance. Accounts of Chemical Research replaces the traditional article abstract with an article "Conspectus." These entries synopsize the research affording the reader a closer look at the content and significance of an article. Through this provision of a more detailed description of the article contents, the Conspectus enhances the article's discoverability by search engines and the exposure for the research.