{"title":"Prevalence and risk factors of oral cavity parasites in pregnant women in Western Iran","authors":"Kamran Azadbakht , Parastoo Baharvand , Pedram Artemes , Massumeh Niazi , Hossein Mahmoudvand","doi":"10.1016/j.parepi.2022.e00275","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>We aimed to study the frequency and risk factors of oral cavity protozoa (<em>Trichomonas tenax</em> and <em>Entamoeba gingivalis</em>) in pregnant women in Lorestan province, western Iran.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>The current cross-sectional descriptive work was performed on 200 pregnant women referring to health centers of Lorestan Province, Iran during August 2021 to February 2022. Two specimens were obtained from each women by means of sterile swabs from saliva and dental plaques. The frequency of oral cavity protozoa was investigated using microscopic and conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR).</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p><em>E. gingivalis</em> and <em>T. tenax</em> parasites were found in 41 (20.5%) and 46 (23%) of the pregnant women by microscopic and PCR test, respectively. Among positive samples, 29 (63.1%) of the pregnant women were infected with <em>E. gingivalis</em>; whereas 19 (36.9%) of the participants were positive for <em>T. tenax.</em> In the multivariate model, living in rural regions (<em>p</em> < 0.001) and brushing teeth (<em>p</em> = 0.021) were considerably linked with the prevalence of oral cavity parasites<em>.</em></p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The current study evidently exhibited the high frequency of oral cavity parasites (<em>E. gingivalis</em> and <em>T. tenax)</em> in pregnant women in Lorestan province, Western Iran. Awareness of the main risk factors for oral cavity parasites especially teeth brushing is necessary in refining public and oral health approaches in pregnant women. Thus, dental practitioners and gynecologists must be alert of these risk factors to carefully identify and manage oral health concerns in pregnant women to prevent the oral diseases and infections.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":37873,"journal":{"name":"Parasite Epidemiology and Control","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0000,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/9c/7e/main.PMC9526173.pdf","citationCount":"3","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Parasite Epidemiology and Control","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405673122000393","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"INFECTIOUS DISEASES","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Abstract
Background
We aimed to study the frequency and risk factors of oral cavity protozoa (Trichomonas tenax and Entamoeba gingivalis) in pregnant women in Lorestan province, western Iran.
Methods
The current cross-sectional descriptive work was performed on 200 pregnant women referring to health centers of Lorestan Province, Iran during August 2021 to February 2022. Two specimens were obtained from each women by means of sterile swabs from saliva and dental plaques. The frequency of oral cavity protozoa was investigated using microscopic and conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR).
Results
E. gingivalis and T. tenax parasites were found in 41 (20.5%) and 46 (23%) of the pregnant women by microscopic and PCR test, respectively. Among positive samples, 29 (63.1%) of the pregnant women were infected with E. gingivalis; whereas 19 (36.9%) of the participants were positive for T. tenax. In the multivariate model, living in rural regions (p < 0.001) and brushing teeth (p = 0.021) were considerably linked with the prevalence of oral cavity parasites.
Conclusion
The current study evidently exhibited the high frequency of oral cavity parasites (E. gingivalis and T. tenax) in pregnant women in Lorestan province, Western Iran. Awareness of the main risk factors for oral cavity parasites especially teeth brushing is necessary in refining public and oral health approaches in pregnant women. Thus, dental practitioners and gynecologists must be alert of these risk factors to carefully identify and manage oral health concerns in pregnant women to prevent the oral diseases and infections.
期刊介绍：
Parasite Epidemiology and Control is an Open Access journal. There is an increasing amount of research in the parasitology area that analyses the patterns, causes, and effects of health and disease conditions in defined populations. This epidemiology of parasite infectious diseases is predominantly studied in human populations but also spans other major hosts of parasitic infections and as such this journal will have a broad remit. We will focus on the major areas of epidemiological study including disease etiology, disease surveillance, drug resistance and geographical spread and screening, biomonitoring, and comparisons of treatment effects in clinical trials for both human and other animals. We will also look at the epidemiology and control of vector insects. The journal will also cover the use of geographic information systems (Epi-GIS) for epidemiological surveillance which is a rapidly growing area of research in infectious diseases. Molecular epidemiological approaches are also particularly encouraged.
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