Immune response after photodynamic therapy increases anti-cancer and anti-bacterial effects.

Eleonora Reginato, Peter Wolf, Michael R Hamblin
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Abstract

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a clinically approved procedure for treatment of cancer and infections. PDT involves systemic or topical administration of a photosensitizer (PS), followed by irradiation of the diseased area with light of a wavelength corresponding to an absorbance band of the PS. In the presence of oxygen, a photochemical reaction is initiated, leading to the generation of reactive oxygen species and cell death. Besides causing direct cytotoxic effects on illuminated tumor cells, PDT is known to cause damage to the tumor vasculature and induce the release of pro-inflammatory molecules. Pre-clinical and clinical studies have demonstrated that PDT is capable of affecting both the innate and adaptive arms of the immune system. Immune stimulatory properties of PDT may increase its beneficial effects giving the therapy wider potential to become more extensively used in clinical practice. Be sides stimulating tumor-specific cytotoxic T-cells capable to destroy distant untreated tumor cells, PDT leads to development of anti-tumor memory immunity that can potentially prevent the recurrence of cancer. The immunological effects of PDT make the therapy more effective also when used for treatment of bacterial infections, due to an augmented infiltration of neutrophils into the infected regions that seems to potentiate the outcome of the treatment.

Abstract Image

Abstract Image

光动力疗法后的免疫反应可增强抗癌和抗菌效果。
光动力疗法(PDT)是一种临床认可的治疗癌症和感染的方法。光动力疗法包括全身或局部使用光敏剂(PS),然后用与光敏剂吸收带波长相对应的光照射患病部位。在有氧的情况下,光化学反应开始,产生活性氧,导致细胞死亡。除了对被照射的肿瘤细胞产生直接的细胞毒性作用外,PDT 还会对肿瘤血管造成损伤,并诱导促炎分子的释放。临床前和临床研究表明,光导光化学疗法能够影响免疫系统的先天性和适应性分支。光动力疗法的免疫刺激特性可能会增加其有益效果,从而使这种疗法具有更广泛的临床应用潜力。光动力疗法可刺激肿瘤特异性细胞毒性 T 细胞,使其能够摧毁远处未治疗的肿瘤细胞,从而产生抗肿瘤记忆免疫,防止癌症复发。光动力疗法的免疫学效应使其在治疗细菌感染时也更为有效,这是因为中性粒细胞在感染区域的浸润增加,似乎能增强治疗效果。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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