Fei Xie , Peng Lu , Matti Leppäranta , Bin Cheng , Zhijun Li , Yiwen Zhang , Hang Zhang , Jiaru Zhou
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引用次数: 0
Abstract
The seasonal cycle of ice formation and breakup in Lake Hanzhang, China, was monitored during the winter of 2020–2021 using a float equipped with meteorological, hydrological, and optical instruments. This lake is located in mid-latitude cold and dry climate zone. We categorized the ice season into growth, equilibrium, and melting stages. The thickness of ice increased by an average of 0.7 cm day−1 at the bottom of the ice during the growth stage, and during the equilibrium stage it was stable at 35.0 ± 0.5 cm. During the melting stage, the internal melting dominated the ice ablation (1.0 cm day−1), followed by bottom melting (0.45 cm day−1) and surface melting (0.25 cm day−1). The net short-wave and long-wave radiative fluxes dominated the heat budget throughout the seasonal cycle. Sublimation was 1.1 cm, 73% of that in the growth stage. During the melting stage, the absorbed short-wave radiative flux promoted internal melting, enlarged the porosity, and enhanced further surface melting. The frequent negative air temperature during nighttime hindered the phase changes of the lake ice surface layer. In addition, the upward sensible heat flux in the lake water body increased from 7.8 to 14.5 W m−2 due to the increased light transmittance by lake ice. The heat balance and heat fluxes in ice-covered lakes in mid-latitude dry climate have rarely been explored. The results increase the knowledge of lake ice geophysics and are also useful for calibration and validation of lake ice models.
利用配备气象、水文和光学仪器的浮子,对2020-2021年冬季中国汉章湖海冰形成和破裂的季节周期进行了监测。该湖地处中纬度寒干气候区。我们把冰期分为生长阶段、平衡阶段和融化阶段。在生长阶段,冰底厚度平均增加0.7 cm d−1,在平衡阶段,冰底厚度稳定在35.0±0.5 cm。融化阶段以内部融化为主(1.0 cm day−1),其次是底部融化(0.45 cm day−1)和表面融化(0.25 cm day−1)。在整个季节循环中,短波和长波净辐射通量主导了热量收支。升华1.1 cm,占生长期升华量的73%。在熔化阶段,吸收的短波辐射通量促进了内部熔化,增大了孔隙率,进一步增强了表面熔化。夜间频繁出现的负气温阻碍了湖冰表层的相变。此外,由于湖冰的透光率增加,湖泊水体向上的感热通量从7.8 W m−2增加到14.5 W m−2。中纬度干燥气候地区冰雪覆盖湖泊的热平衡和热通量研究很少。这些结果增加了对湖冰地球物理学的认识,也有助于湖冰模型的定标和验证。
期刊介绍:
The Journal of Hydrology publishes original research papers and comprehensive reviews in all the subfields of the hydrological sciences including water based management and policy issues that impact on economics and society. These comprise, but are not limited to the physical, chemical, biogeochemical, stochastic and systems aspects of surface and groundwater hydrology, hydrometeorology and hydrogeology. Relevant topics incorporating the insights and methodologies of disciplines such as climatology, water resource systems, hydraulics, agrohydrology, geomorphology, soil science, instrumentation and remote sensing, civil and environmental engineering are included. Social science perspectives on hydrological problems such as resource and ecological economics, environmental sociology, psychology and behavioural science, management and policy analysis are also invited. Multi-and interdisciplinary analyses of hydrological problems are within scope. The science published in the Journal of Hydrology is relevant to catchment scales rather than exclusively to a local scale or site.