Fatty acid metabolism and thyroid hormones.

Current trends in endocrinology Pub Date : 2012-01-01
Naomi L Sayre, James D Lechleiter
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Abstract

The importance of thyroid hormone signaling in the acute regulation of metabolic activity has been recognized for decades. Slowly, the underlying mechanisms responsible for this activity are being elucidated. A prominent characteristic of thyroid signaling is rapid increases in oxygen consumption and ATP production. This discovery implicated a non-genomic regulation of mitochondrial metabolism by thyroid hormones. Another important clue came from the discovery that thyroid hormones stimulated fatty acid oxidation (FAO) in a variety of tissues in a receptor-dependent, but transcriptional-independent manner. Recently, key linkages between thyroid hormone signaling and specific mitochondrial-targeted pathways have been discovered. This review focuses on the molecular mechanisms by which mitochondrial FAO can be increased through thyroid hormone signaling. The roles of both the full-length and shortened mitochondrial isoforms of thyroid hormone receptor will be discussed. Additionally, the impact of thyroid hormone signaling on dyslipidemias such as obesity, type II diabetes, and fatty liver disease will be considered.

脂肪酸代谢与甲状腺激素
人们认识到甲状腺激素信号在代谢活动急性调节中的重要性已有几十年。慢慢地,这种活动的内在机制也被阐明。甲状腺信号传导的一个显著特点是耗氧量和 ATP 生成量的快速增加。这一发现意味着甲状腺激素对线粒体代谢的非基因组调控。另一个重要线索来自于甲状腺激素以受体依赖但转录不依赖的方式刺激多种组织的脂肪酸氧化(FAO)。最近,人们发现了甲状腺激素信号传导与特定线粒体靶向通路之间的关键联系。本综述将重点讨论通过甲状腺激素信号传导增加线粒体 FAO 的分子机制。将讨论甲状腺激素受体的全长和缩短线粒体异构体的作用。此外,还将讨论甲状腺激素信号传导对肥胖、II 型糖尿病和脂肪肝等血脂异常疾病的影响。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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