Early murine immune responses from endotracheal exposures to biotechnology-related Bacillus strains.

IF 1.1 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q4 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
Azam F Tayabali, Kathy C Nguyen, Verner L Seligy
{"title":"Early murine immune responses from endotracheal exposures to biotechnology-related Bacillus strains.","authors":"Azam F Tayabali,&nbsp;Kathy C Nguyen,&nbsp;Verner L Seligy","doi":"10.1080/02772248.2010.526784","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>An immunology-based in vivo screening regime was used to assess the potential pathogenicity of biotechnology-related microbes. Strains of Bacillus cereus (Bc), Bacillus subtilis (Bs), Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt), and Bt commercial products (CPs) were tested. Balb/c mice were endotracheally instilled with purified spores, diluted CP, or vegetative cells (VC) (live or dead). Exposed mice were evaluated for changes in behavioral and physical symptoms, bacterial clearance, pulmonary granulocytes, and pulmonary and circulatory pyrogenic cytokines (interleukins (IL)-1β, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α), as well as acute phase biomarkers (fibrinogen and serum amyloid A). Except for some differences in clearance rates, no marked effects were observed in mice exposed to any spore at 10(6) or 10(7) colony forming units (cfu). In contrast, live Bc or Bt VCs (10(5) or 10(6) cfu) produced shock-like symptoms (lethargy, hunched appearance, ruffled fur, and respiratory distress), and 11-200-fold elevations in pyrogenic cytokines at 2-h post-exposure. In the study, 4-h effects included increased lethargy, ocular discharge, and 1.5-4-fold rise in circulatory acute phase markers, but no indications of recovery. Bs VC did not produce any changes in symptoms or biomarkers. After 2 or 4 h of exposure to dead VC, increases of only plasma IL-1? and TNF-α (4.6- and 12.4-fold, respectively) were observed. These findings demonstrate that purified spores produced no marked effects in mice compared to that of metabolically active bacteria. This early screening regime was successful in distinguishing the pathogenicity of the different Bacillus species, and might be useful for assessing the relative hazard potential of other biotechnology-related candidate strains.</p>","PeriodicalId":23122,"journal":{"name":"Toxicological and Environmental Chemistry","volume":"93 1-2","pages":"314-331"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1000,"publicationDate":"2011-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/02772248.2010.526784","citationCount":"8","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Toxicological and Environmental Chemistry","FirstCategoryId":"93","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02772248.2010.526784","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2010/11/10 0:00:00","PubModel":"Epub","JCR":"Q4","JCRName":"ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 8

Abstract

An immunology-based in vivo screening regime was used to assess the potential pathogenicity of biotechnology-related microbes. Strains of Bacillus cereus (Bc), Bacillus subtilis (Bs), Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt), and Bt commercial products (CPs) were tested. Balb/c mice were endotracheally instilled with purified spores, diluted CP, or vegetative cells (VC) (live or dead). Exposed mice were evaluated for changes in behavioral and physical symptoms, bacterial clearance, pulmonary granulocytes, and pulmonary and circulatory pyrogenic cytokines (interleukins (IL)-1β, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α), as well as acute phase biomarkers (fibrinogen and serum amyloid A). Except for some differences in clearance rates, no marked effects were observed in mice exposed to any spore at 10(6) or 10(7) colony forming units (cfu). In contrast, live Bc or Bt VCs (10(5) or 10(6) cfu) produced shock-like symptoms (lethargy, hunched appearance, ruffled fur, and respiratory distress), and 11-200-fold elevations in pyrogenic cytokines at 2-h post-exposure. In the study, 4-h effects included increased lethargy, ocular discharge, and 1.5-4-fold rise in circulatory acute phase markers, but no indications of recovery. Bs VC did not produce any changes in symptoms or biomarkers. After 2 or 4 h of exposure to dead VC, increases of only plasma IL-1? and TNF-α (4.6- and 12.4-fold, respectively) were observed. These findings demonstrate that purified spores produced no marked effects in mice compared to that of metabolically active bacteria. This early screening regime was successful in distinguishing the pathogenicity of the different Bacillus species, and might be useful for assessing the relative hazard potential of other biotechnology-related candidate strains.

Abstract Image

Abstract Image

Abstract Image

气管内暴露于与生物技术相关的芽孢杆菌菌株的早期小鼠免疫反应。
基于免疫学的体内筛选制度被用来评估生物技术相关微生物的潜在致病性。对蜡样芽孢杆菌(Bc)、枯草芽孢杆菌(Bs)、苏云金芽孢杆菌(Bt)和Bt商业产品(CPs)进行了检测。Balb/c小鼠经气管内灌注纯化孢子、稀释CP或营养细胞(活细胞或死细胞)。对暴露小鼠的行为和身体症状、细菌清除率、肺粒细胞、肺和循环热原细胞因子(白细胞介素(IL)-1β、IL-6和肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)-α)以及急性期生物标志物(纤维蛋白原和血清淀粉样蛋白A)的变化进行了评估。除了清除率有一些差异外,暴露于10(6)或10(7)菌落形成单位(cfu)的任何孢子的小鼠没有观察到明显的影响。相比之下,活的Bc或Bt VCs(10(5)或10(6)cfu)产生休克样症状(嗜睡、驼背、皱毛和呼吸窘迫),暴露后2小时热原细胞因子升高11-200倍。在研究中,4小时的影响包括嗜睡、眼分泌物增加,循环急性期指标升高1.5-4倍,但没有恢复的迹象。bvc未引起症状或生物标志物的任何变化。暴露于死亡VC 2或4小时后,仅血浆IL-1?TNF-α分别为4.6倍和12.4倍。这些发现表明,与代谢活跃的细菌相比,纯化的孢子对小鼠没有明显的影响。这种早期筛选制度成功地区分了不同芽孢杆菌种类的致病性,并且可能有助于评估其他生物技术相关候选菌株的相对危害潜力。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
求助全文
约1分钟内获得全文 求助全文
来源期刊
Toxicological and Environmental Chemistry
Toxicological and Environmental Chemistry ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES-TOXICOLOGY
CiteScore
3.50
自引率
5.60%
发文量
0
期刊介绍: The journal is interdisciplinary in outlook, and manuscripts published in it cover all relevant areas: • inorganic chemistry – trace elements in food and the environment, metal complexes and chelates; • organic chemistry – environmental fate, chemical reactions, metabolites and secondary products, synthesis of standards and labelled materials; • physical chemistry – photochemistry, radiochemistry; • environmental chemistry – sources, fate, and sinks of xenochemicals, environmental partitioning and transport, degradation and deposition; • analytical chemistry – development and optimisation of analytical methods, instrumental and methodological advances, miniaturisation and automation; • biological chemistry – pharmacology and toxicology, uptake, metabolism, disposition of xenochemicals, structure-activity relationships, modes of action, ecotoxicological testing.
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
确定
请完成安全验证×
copy
已复制链接
快去分享给好友吧!
我知道了
右上角分享
点击右上角分享
0
联系我们:info@booksci.cn Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。 Copyright © 2023 布克学术 All rights reserved.
京ICP备2023020795号-1
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:481959085
Book学术官方微信