Social physics

IF 23.9 1区物理与天体物理 Q1 PHYSICS, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Physics Reports Pub Date : 2022-02-16 DOI:10.1016/j.physrep.2021.10.005

Marko Jusup , Petter Holme , Kiyoshi Kanazawa , Misako Takayasu , Ivan Romić , Zhen Wang , Sunčana Geček , Tomislav Lipić , Boris Podobnik , Lin Wang , Wei Luo , Tin Klanjšček , Jingfang Fan , Stefano Boccaletti , Matjaž Perc

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引用次数: 189

Abstract

Recent decades have seen a rise in the use of physics methods to study different societal phenomena. This development has been due to physicists venturing outside of their traditional domains of interest, but also due to scientists from other disciplines taking from physics the methods that have proven so successful throughout the 19th and the 20th century. Here we characterise the field with the term ‘social physics’ and pay our respect to intellectual mavericks who nurtured it to maturity. We do so by reviewing the current state of the art. Starting with a set of topics that are at the heart of modern human societies, we review research dedicated to urban development and traffic, the functioning of financial markets, cooperation as the basis for our evolutionary success, the structure of social networks, and the integration of intelligent machines into these networks. We then shift our attention to a set of topics that explore potential threats to society. These include criminal behaviour, large-scale migration, epidemics, environmental challenges, and climate change. We end the coverage of each topic with promising directions for future research. Based on this, we conclude that the future for social physics is bright. Physicists studying societal phenomena are no longer a curiosity, but rather a force to be reckoned with. Notwithstanding, it remains of the utmost importance that we continue to foster constructive dialogue and mutual respect at the interfaces of different scientific disciplines.

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社会物理学

近几十年来，人们越来越多地使用物理方法来研究不同的社会现象。这一发展归功于物理学家在他们传统的兴趣领域之外的冒险，但也归功于其他学科的科学家从物理学中吸取了在整个19世纪和20世纪被证明非常成功的方法。在这里，我们用“社会物理学”这个术语来描述这个领域，并向那些把它培养到成熟的知识分子致敬。我们通过回顾当前的技术状况来做到这一点。从一系列现代人类社会的核心主题开始，我们回顾了致力于城市发展和交通的研究，金融市场的运作，合作作为我们进化成功的基础，社会网络的结构，以及智能机器与这些网络的集成。然后我们将注意力转移到一系列探讨社会潜在威胁的话题上。这些挑战包括犯罪行为、大规模移徙、流行病、环境挑战和气候变化。我们结束了对每个主题的报道，并提出了未来研究的有希望的方向。基于此，我们得出结论，社会物理学的未来是光明的。研究社会现象的物理学家不再是一种好奇心，而是一股不可忽视的力量。尽管如此，我们继续在不同科学学科的界面上促进建设性对话和相互尊重仍然是至关重要的。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Physics Reports 物理-物理：综合

CiteScore

56.10

自引率

0.70%

发文量

102

审稿时长

9.1 weeks

期刊介绍： Physics Reports keeps the active physicist up-to-date on developments in a wide range of topics by publishing timely reviews which are more extensive than just literature surveys but normally less than a full monograph. Each report deals with one specific subject and is generally published in a separate volume. These reviews are specialist in nature but contain enough introductory material to make the main points intelligible to a non-specialist. The reader will not only be able to distinguish important developments and trends in physics but will also find a sufficient number of references to the original literature.