Roles of retrotransposons in benign and malignant hematologic disease.

Cellscience Pub Date : 2009-10-27
Anna M Schneider, Amy S Duffield, David E Symer, Kathleen H Burns
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Abstract

Nearly half of our genomes are repetitive sequences derived from retrotransposons. These repeats have accumulated by a 'copy-and-paste' mechanism whereby: (i.) a genomic template sequence is transcribed to RNA, (ii.) the RNA is reverse-transcribed, and (iii.) the DNA copy is inserted at a new location in the host genome. As we remain susceptible to new retrotransposition events, many of these insertions are highly polymorphic. Transposons are of interest since insertions into both coding and non-coding gene regions have been associated with a wide variety of functional sequelae and because transposable elements can be involved in genomic rearrangements in transformed cells. In this review, we highlight how expression of retrotransposons, de novo and polymorphic transposon insertions, and genomic rearrangements that these repeats potentiate contribute to both benign and neoplastic hematopoietic diseases.

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反转录转座子在良性和恶性血液疾病中的作用。
我们近一半的基因组是来自反转录转座子的重复序列。这些重复是通过“复制粘贴”机制积累起来的,其中:(1)基因组模板序列被转录成RNA, (2) RNA被反向转录,(3)DNA拷贝被插入宿主基因组的新位置。由于我们仍然容易受到新的反转录转位事件的影响,许多这些插入都是高度多态性的。转座子引起了人们的兴趣,因为插入编码和非编码基因区域与各种各样的功能后遗症有关,而且转座子元件可以参与转化细胞中的基因组重排。在这篇综述中,我们强调了逆转录转座子的表达、新生和多态转座子插入以及这些重复序列增强的基因组重排如何促进良性和肿瘤性造血疾病。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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