Crystallization behavior of solid solutions from aqueous solutions: An environmental perspective

IF 4.5 2区 材料科学 Q1 CRYSTALLOGRAPHY
Manuel Prieto , Frank Heberling , Rosa M. Rodríguez-Galán , Felix Brandt
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引用次数: 44

Abstract

Aqueous–solid solution (AQ-SS) processes have garnered increasing attention from geochemists and environmental engineers because they play major roles in the fate and transport of elements in Earth surface environments. The reasons for this interest include: (i) the primary crystallization of minerals from multicomponent aqueous solutions leads to the formation of solid solutions in which different ions are substituted for one another in equivalent structural positions; (ii) the interaction between pre-existing minerals and water frequently yields surface precipitation and dissolution–recrystallization processes in which such substituting ions redistribute to adapt to new physicochemical conditions; (iii) the concentrations of specific minor elements in biogenic and abiogenic minerals have been shown to correlate with various parameters characterizing the growth environment (temperature, pH, nutrient levels, salinity, etc.) and the corresponding compositional signatures can be powerful tools in reconstructing the past from the sedimentary record; (iv) the aqueous concentration of heavy metals and other harmful ions can be significantly reduced by their incorporation into the structure of suitable host minerals and as such a ‘reduction of solubility’ can be exploited as a remediation strategy or used to design engineered barriers for the retention of metals, radionuclides, and other industrially generated inorganic wastes. In this review, the thermodynamics driving of AQ-SS processes is presented using examples of environmentally-relevant systems. The reaction pathways in AQ-SS processes depend not only on thermodynamic factors but also on kinetic and mechanistic effects, which operate at different scales in space and time. Examples of such effects include non-equilibrium ion partitioning, surface passivation, and compositional (sectorial, concentric, oscillatory) zoning. Finally, we discuss the contribution of both state-of-the-art characterization techniques and molecular simulation methods for the development of predictive models.

水溶液中固溶体的结晶行为:环境视角
水-固溶(AQ-SS)过程在地球表面环境中对元素的命运和迁移起着重要作用,因此越来越受到地球化学家和环境工程师的关注。引起这种兴趣的原因包括:(1)多组分水溶液中矿物的初次结晶导致形成固溶体,其中不同的离子在等效结构位置上相互取代;(ii)先前存在的矿物质和水之间的相互作用经常产生表面沉淀和溶解-再结晶过程,在此过程中,这些取代离子重新分配以适应新的物理化学条件;(iii)生物和非生物矿物中特定微量元素的浓度已被证明与表征生长环境的各种参数(温度、pH、营养水平、盐度等)相关,相应的成分特征可以作为从沉积记录中重建过去的有力工具;(iv)重金属和其他有害离子的水中浓度可以通过将其掺入合适的宿主矿物结构中而显著降低,因此,“降低溶解度”可以作为一种补救策略加以利用,或用于设计工程屏障,以保留金属、放射性核素和其他工业产生的无机废物。本文以环境相关系统为例,介绍了AQ-SS过程的热力学驱动。AQ-SS过程的反应路径不仅取决于热力学因素,还取决于动力学和机理效应,它们在不同的空间和时间尺度上起作用。这种效应的例子包括非平衡离子分配、表面钝化和组成(扇形、同心、振荡)分区。最后,我们讨论了最先进的表征技术和分子模拟方法对预测模型发展的贡献。
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来源期刊
Progress in Crystal Growth and Characterization of Materials
Progress in Crystal Growth and Characterization of Materials 工程技术-材料科学:表征与测试
CiteScore
8.80
自引率
2.00%
发文量
10
审稿时长
1 day
期刊介绍: Materials especially crystalline materials provide the foundation of our modern technologically driven world. The domination of materials is achieved through detailed scientific research. Advances in the techniques of growing and assessing ever more perfect crystals of a wide range of materials lie at the roots of much of today''s advanced technology. The evolution and development of crystalline materials involves research by dedicated scientists in academia as well as industry involving a broad field of disciplines including biology, chemistry, physics, material sciences and engineering. Crucially important applications in information technology, photonics, energy storage and harvesting, environmental protection, medicine and food production require a deep understanding of and control of crystal growth. This can involve suitable growth methods and material characterization from the bulk down to the nano-scale.
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