Construction of visible light driven silver sulfide/graphitic carbon nitride p-n heterojunction for improving photocatalytic disinfection

Abstract

Compared with the Z-scheme and type-II heterojunctions, p-n type heterojunctions are more favorable for the migration of photo-induced carriers owing to the advantage of built-in electric fields. In addition, it is still of great significance to understand the carrier migration properties of the p-n heterojunction. Therefore, the development of new p-n heterojunctions and the development of high-efficiency catalysts with effective modulation of light responsiveness and rapid transfer of charge to achieve photocatalytic inactivation have attracted much attention. In this study, we synthesized a Ag₂S/g-C₃N₄ heterojunction via the in situ deposition of Ag₂S onto the g-C₃N₄ substrate. The prepared Ag₂S/g-C₃N₄ composite facilitated photo-generated charge carrier transfer and exhibited outstanding photocatalytic inactivation of bacteria compared to that of a single catalyst under visible light irradiation. In addition, the ACN-2 composites fully deactivated 7 log10 CFU/mL E. coli and 7 log10 CFU/mL S. aureus cells in 90 min under visible light. The quenching experiments confirmed that photo-generated active species (O₂⁻, OH, and h⁺) were the major reactive oxygen species that contributed to the inactivation of bacteria. Energy band alignment analysis indicated that a type-II band alignment was formed in the p-n heterostructure, thereby providing strong support for the photocatalytic mechanism. This study not only provides insights into the design of p-n heterostructures, but also presents a promising strategy to enhance the photocatalytic capacities of g-C₃N₄ based materials for pathogen inactivation.