Upgrading wastewater treatment plants.

Abstract

Instead of construction of new wastewater treatment plants upgrading of existing plants may increase capacity or achieve higher efficiency in meeting effluent standards. This paper describes several possibilities of upgrading existing technical wastewater treatment plants, e.g. activated sludge plants, e.g. by precipitation/flocculation processes, increase of biomass concentration, influent balancing, increase of oxygenation capacity with pure oxygen, increase of the capacity of final clarifiers, and pretreatment of industrial effluents.