[Freud, precursor of ethology, between Darwin and MacLean].

Abstract

We often forget Freud's share for zoology. Many primary ideas are issued from "Expression of Emotions in Man and Animals". The general attitude is evolutionistic, with his reasoning in becoming, fixation-regression, ontogeny and history in Man. This attitude is found again on its neurological side in MacLean and his verbal translation of cerebral levels.