Renlong Li , Xiongbo Zhang , Minghao Dong , Cheng-Xing Cui , Wanqing Zhang , Ji-Chao Wang , Kai Zhang , Tao Jia , Hong-Ying Niu , Fei Huang
{"title":"Two asymmetric small molecule acceptors with aromatic and non-aromatic ring side chains were developed for organic solar cells","authors":"Renlong Li , Xiongbo Zhang , Minghao Dong , Cheng-Xing Cui , Wanqing Zhang , Ji-Chao Wang , Kai Zhang , Tao Jia , Hong-Ying Niu , Fei Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.dyepig.2022.110908","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span>Asymmetric side-chain engineering has been demonstrated to be an effective approach for modifying the solubility and morphology of non-fullerene small molecule acceptors (NF-SMAs). However, prior research has mostly concentrated on optimizing the length and branching locations of alkyl chains. Phenyl and cyclohexyl groups suspended on the side chains have been shown to be effective for tuning the crystallinity and self-assembly of symmetric organic molecules for efficient </span>organic solar cells. To investigate the impact of the aromatic and non-aromatic ring side chains on the performance of asymmetric NF-SMAs, two asymmetric acceptors, </span><strong>Y-Ph4F</strong> and <strong>Y–CH4F</strong><span><span><span>, are designed with phenyl and cyclohexyl as two distinct side chains, respectively, in this work. Due to their common backbone, the two NF-SMAs exhibit similar absorption spectra and energy levels as determined by UV–vis absorption, cyclic voltammetry, and density functional theory calculations. </span>Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) demonstrate that Y–CH4F with 4-cyclohexylbutyl side chains has stronger molecular packing and crystallinity in the solid state compared to Y-Ph4F with 4-phenylbutyl side chains. By pairing these NFAs with a well-known polymer donor PM6, both PM6:Y-Ph4F and PM6:Y-Ph4F-based organic solar cells (OSCs) achieve </span>power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of more than 15%. When fabricated with a 1 cm</span><sup>2</sup> active area, the Y-Ph4F and Y–CH4F-based devices can also obtain exceptional PCEs of 15.05% and 14.10%, respectively. These findings suggest that the aromatic and non-aromatic ring side chains can effectively tune the molecular packing and crystallinity for efficient OSCs.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":302,"journal":{"name":"Dyes and Pigments","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.1000,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"2","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Dyes and Pigments","FirstCategoryId":"88","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0143720822008300","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"CHEMISTRY, APPLIED","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Abstract
Asymmetric side-chain engineering has been demonstrated to be an effective approach for modifying the solubility and morphology of non-fullerene small molecule acceptors (NF-SMAs). However, prior research has mostly concentrated on optimizing the length and branching locations of alkyl chains. Phenyl and cyclohexyl groups suspended on the side chains have been shown to be effective for tuning the crystallinity and self-assembly of symmetric organic molecules for efficient organic solar cells. To investigate the impact of the aromatic and non-aromatic ring side chains on the performance of asymmetric NF-SMAs, two asymmetric acceptors, Y-Ph4F and Y–CH4F, are designed with phenyl and cyclohexyl as two distinct side chains, respectively, in this work. Due to their common backbone, the two NF-SMAs exhibit similar absorption spectra and energy levels as determined by UV–vis absorption, cyclic voltammetry, and density functional theory calculations. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) demonstrate that Y–CH4F with 4-cyclohexylbutyl side chains has stronger molecular packing and crystallinity in the solid state compared to Y-Ph4F with 4-phenylbutyl side chains. By pairing these NFAs with a well-known polymer donor PM6, both PM6:Y-Ph4F and PM6:Y-Ph4F-based organic solar cells (OSCs) achieve power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of more than 15%. When fabricated with a 1 cm2 active area, the Y-Ph4F and Y–CH4F-based devices can also obtain exceptional PCEs of 15.05% and 14.10%, respectively. These findings suggest that the aromatic and non-aromatic ring side chains can effectively tune the molecular packing and crystallinity for efficient OSCs.
期刊介绍:
Dyes and Pigments covers the scientific and technical aspects of the chemistry and physics of dyes, pigments and their intermediates. Emphasis is placed on the properties of the colouring matters themselves rather than on their applications or the system in which they may be applied.
Thus the journal accepts research and review papers on the synthesis of dyes, pigments and intermediates, their physical or chemical properties, e.g. spectroscopic, surface, solution or solid state characteristics, the physical aspects of their preparation, e.g. precipitation, nucleation and growth, crystal formation, liquid crystalline characteristics, their photochemical, ecological or biological properties and the relationship between colour and chemical constitution. However, papers are considered which deal with the more fundamental aspects of colourant application and of the interactions of colourants with substrates or media.
The journal will interest a wide variety of workers in a range of disciplines whose work involves dyes, pigments and their intermediates, and provides a platform for investigators with common interests but diverse fields of activity such as cosmetics, reprographics, dye and pigment synthesis, medical research, polymers, etc.