Revisiting lithium metal anodes from a dynamic and realistic perspective

IF 22.2 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

EnergyChem Pub Date : 2021-09-01 DOI:10.1016/j.enchem.2021.100063

Yifang Zhang , Shichao Wu , Quan-Hong Yang

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引用次数: 7

Abstract

The concept of a rechargeable lithium metal battery (LMB) was established and commercially realized before the lithium-ion battery (LIB), although safety concerns related to the lithium metal anode (LMA) prevented LMBs from flourishing. As Li-ion chemistry approaches its limitations in meeting the demands of high-energy-density for modern battery technology, research on the LMA has been revived for the production of next-generation Li batteries. With new concepts and technologies being developed and implemented, unprecedented progress has been achieved towards safer and more efficient LMAs, although there are still gaps in putting laboratory-based achievements into real life. This may be caused by the intrinsic shortcomings of the methods and protocols for evaluating LMA, which provide a one-sided perspective and leave key problems unrecognized. This review presents a comprehensive overview of the fundamental problems involved in using LMAs. A dynamic picture of Li metal functioning as an anode is made based on recent knowledge. Realistic requirements for achieving the high-energy-density advantage of LMAs are emphasized. Based on the understanding of these, strategies for Li stabilization are revisited and some overlooked issues need to be addressed.

•
In this review, we consider the working mechanism of lithium metal anodes (LMAs) with a dynamic picture, including a separate deposition/dissolution process under the influence of spontaneously formed SEI, as well as the repeated cycling along with the evolution of the electrodes.
•
The requirements for a Li metal anode under realistic conditions are discussed in detail.
•
Based on a dynamic and realistic perspective, we carefully assess the testing procedures for LMAs and the meaning of the test results. Coulombic inefficiency, or loss of active lithium, is analyzed qualitatively or quantitatively according to the latest understanding.
•
Finally, we revisit the strategies for LMA protection based on the above discussion and understanding, and highlight some issues that are often overlooked in current research.

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从动态和现实的角度重新审视锂金属阳极

可充电锂金属电池(LMB)的概念在锂离子电池(LIB)之前就已经建立并实现了商业化，尽管与锂金属阳极(LMA)相关的安全问题阻碍了LMB的发展。随着锂离子化学在满足现代电池技术对高能量密度的要求方面接近极限，LMA的研究已经恢复，用于生产下一代锂电池。随着新概念和新技术的开发和实施，在更安全和更高效的lma方面取得了前所未有的进展，尽管在将实验室成果应用于现实生活方面仍存在差距。这可能是由于评估LMA的方法和协议的内在缺陷造成的，这些方法和协议提供了片面的视角，没有认识到关键问题。本文综述了使用LMAs所涉及的基本问题。根据最新的知识，绘制了锂金属作为阳极的动态图。强调了实现LMAs高能量密度优势的现实要求。基于对这些问题的理解，重新审视了Li稳定的策略，并指出了一些被忽视的问题需要解决。•在这篇综述中，我们考虑了锂金属阳极(LMAs)的动态工作机制，包括在自发形成的SEI影响下的单独沉积/溶解过程，以及随着电极演变的重复循环。•详细讨论了现实条件下对锂金属阳极的要求。•基于动态和现实的角度，我们仔细评估lma的测试程序和测试结果的意义。根据最新的认识，定性或定量地分析了库仑无效率或活性锂的损失。•最后，基于上述讨论和理解，我们重新审视了LMA的保护策略，并强调了当前研究中经常被忽视的一些问题。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

EnergyChem Multiple-

CiteScore

40.80

自引率

2.80%

发文量

审稿时长

40 days

期刊介绍： EnergyChem, a reputable journal, focuses on publishing high-quality research and review articles within the realm of chemistry, chemical engineering, and materials science with a specific emphasis on energy applications. The priority areas covered by the journal include:Solar energy,Energy harvesting devices,Fuel cells,Hydrogen energy,Bioenergy and biofuels,Batteries,Supercapacitors,Electrocatalysis and photocatalysis,Energy storage and energy conversion,Carbon capture and storage