A basic isozyme of yeast glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase with nucleic acid helix-destabilizing activity

Abstract

A nucleic acid helix-destabilizing protein has been purified from Saccharomyces cerevisiae using affinity chromatographic techniques. Crude protein extracts at low ionic strength (approx. 0.05 M) were applied sequentially to tandem columns of native DNA-cellulose, aminophenyl-phosphoryl-UMP-agarose, poly(I · C)-agarose, poly(U)-cellulose and denatured DNA-cellulose. The 2 M NaCl eluant of the poly(U)-cellulose column was dialyzed to low ionic strength and recycled through native DNA-cellulose, poly(I · C)-agarose and poly(U)-cellulose. Purified helix-destabilizing protein eluted from the poly(U)-cellulose between 0.1 and 0.5 M NaCl. On the basis of enzymatic activity, immunological cross-reactivity, mobility on SDS gels, amino acid analysis and preliminary peptide mapping experiments, this material was identified as an isozymic fraction of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase. The major crystallizable isozyme of this enzyme from yeast is, however, considerably more acidic than the helix-destabilizing protein, and displays significantly lower helix-destabilizing activity. Stoichiometric levels of the isolated protein at low (approx. 0.01) ionic strength depress the $\text{T}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>m</mtext>}}$ of poly(A-U) and poly[d(A-T)] by as much as 28 and 22°C, respectively. Longer double helices, poly(A · U) and Clostridium perfringens DNA, are also denatured by the helix-destabilizing protein, but at relatively slow rates. The binding of this protein to [³H]-poly(U) on nitrocellulose filters is [Na⁺]-dependent, with a 50% reduction at 0.09 M NaCl. Based on its effect on the circular dichroism spectrum of poly(A), the protein was shown to distort the conformation of the polynucleotide chain. An analogous protein from mammalian cells, P8, was also shown to depress poly(A-U) $\text{T}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>m</mtext>}}$.