Size-resolved environmentally persistent free radicals in cold region atmosphere: Implications for inhalation exposure risk

IF 12.2 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Journal of Hazardous Materials Pub Date : 2023-02-05 DOI:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.130263

Shi-Ming Jia , De-Qi Wang , Li-Yan Liu , Zi-Feng Zhang , Wan-Li Ma

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引用次数: 3

Abstract

Environmental persistent free radicals (EPFRs) have attracted more attentions recently due to their potential adverse effects to human. EPFRs in full-size range particles were comprehensively investigated in this study. The average EPFRs concentration during heating season was 3.01 × 10¹⁴ spins/m³, which was much higher than that in non-heating season (4.30 × 10¹³ spins/m³). The highest concentration of EPFRs presented in 0.56–1.0 µm particles during heating season, while it shifted to 5.6–10 µm particles during non-heating season. Besides, the contributions of EPFRs on PM_>10 to the total concentration of EPFRs cannot be neglected, especially in the non-heating season. The International Commission on Radiological Protection model and the specific factors of the Chinese population were applied to evaluate the inhalation exposure risk of EPFRs. The results indicated that the exposure levels of EPFRs to the upper respiratory tract were much higher. The daily exposure dose of EPFRs suggested the inhalation exposure risk of 3–4 years old was higher than other age groups. In summary, these finding provided new insights for the full range particle size distribution and the inhalation exposure risk of EPFRs, which improved our understanding on the environmental fate and the health risk of EPFRs in atmosphere.

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寒冷地区大气中大小分辨的环境持久性自由基:对吸入暴露风险的影响

环境持久性自由基(Environmental persistent free radicals, EPFRs)因其对人体的潜在危害而受到越来越多的关注。本研究对全尺寸范围颗粒中的epfr进行了全面研究。采暖季EPFRs平均浓度为3.01 × 1014自旋/m3，远高于非采暖季的4.30 × 1013自旋/m3。采暖季EPFRs浓度最高的颗粒为0.56 ~ 1.0µm，非采暖季EPFRs浓度为5.6 ~ 10µm。此外，EPFRs对PM>10总浓度的贡献不可忽视，特别是在非采暖季节。应用国际放射防护委员会模型和中国人群具体因素对EPFRs吸入暴露风险进行评价。结果表明，EPFRs对上呼吸道的暴露水平要高得多。epfr的日暴露剂量表明，3 ~ 4岁儿童的吸入暴露风险高于其他年龄组。综上所述，这些发现为EPFRs的全范围粒径分布和吸入暴露风险提供了新的认识，提高了我们对EPFRs在大气中的环境命运和健康风险的认识。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Journal of Hazardous Materials 工程技术-工程：环境

CiteScore

25.40

自引率

5.90%

发文量

3059

审稿时长

58 days

期刊介绍： The Journal of Hazardous Materials serves as a global platform for promoting cutting-edge research in the field of Environmental Science and Engineering. Our publication features a wide range of articles, including full-length research papers, review articles, and perspectives, with the aim of enhancing our understanding of the dangers and risks associated with various materials concerning public health and the environment. It is important to note that the term "environmental contaminants" refers specifically to substances that pose hazardous effects through contamination, while excluding those that do not have such impacts on the environment or human health. Moreover, we emphasize the distinction between wastes and hazardous materials in order to provide further clarity on the scope of the journal. We have a keen interest in exploring specific compounds and microbial agents that have adverse effects on the environment.