Composition, structure and photon attenuation properties of late Roman archaeological glasses from Salkaya

IF 3.5 3区物理与天体物理 Q3 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

Radiation Physics and Chemistry Pub Date : 2026-10-26 DOI:10.1016/j.radphyschem.2026.114572

Berna Kavaz Kındığılı, Kayhan Murat, Esra Kavaz Perişanoğlu

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

In this study, Late Roman archaeological glass fragments recovered from the Salkaya site in eastern Anatolia were investigated in terms of their compositional, structural, and photon attenuation characteristics. The samples were characterized by scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM–EDX) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses, while gamma-ray attenuation parameters were evaluated experimentally and theoretically. EDX results showed that the glasses are mainly composed of O and Si, confirming their silicate-based structure, together with varying amounts of Na, Ca, Al, Mg, K, Fe, Mn, and minor high-Z elements. SEM observations revealed heterogeneous surface morphologies, including pores, cracks, rounded particles, and corrosion-like regions, indicating the effects of long-term environmental exposure. XRD patterns confirmed the predominantly amorphous nature of the samples, with broad halos typical of silicate glass networks. The photon attenuation results showed that linear attenuation coefficient (LAC) and mass attenuation coefficient (MAC) values decrease with increasing photon energy, while half value layer (HVL) and mean free path (MFP) values increase due to the higher penetration ability of photons. At 81 keV, S5 exhibited the highest experimental LAC and MAC values, 0.3677 cm−1 and 0.2493 cm2/g, respectively, and the lowest HVL value of 1.8849 cm, indicating better low-energy attenuation. At 383 keV, S3 showed the most favorable attenuation among the archaeological samples, with the highest LAC value of 0.1544 cm−1 and the lowest HVL value of 4.4891 cm. This result was associated with its higher Ca and Fe contents. The equivalent atomic number (Zeq), kinetic energy released per unit mass (KERMA), mean free path (MFP), energy absorption buildup factor (EABF), and exposure buildup factor (EBF) evaluations further confirmed that photon interaction characteristics are strongly affected by both photon energy and chemical composition. The results show that the Salkaya archaeological glasses, although not produced for shielding purposes, provide useful insight into the relationship between composition, ageing, structure, and photon interaction in naturally aged silicate glass systems.

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索尔卡亚晚期罗马考古玻璃的组成、结构和光子衰减特性

在这项研究中，从安纳托利亚东部Salkaya遗址中发现的晚罗马考古玻璃碎片，对其成分、结构和光子衰减特性进行了研究。采用扫描电镜、能量色散x射线能谱（SEM-EDX）和x射线衍射（XRD）对样品进行了表征，并对γ射线衰减参数进行了实验和理论评价。EDX结果表明，玻璃主要由O和Si组成，证实了其硅酸盐基结构，同时还含有不同数量的Na、Ca、Al、Mg、K、Fe、Mn和少量高z元素。扫描电镜观察显示了不均匀的表面形貌，包括孔隙，裂纹，圆形颗粒和腐蚀样区域，表明长期环境暴露的影响。XRD谱图证实了样品的主要非晶态性质，具有典型的硅酸盐玻璃网络的宽晕。光子衰减结果表明，线性衰减系数（LAC）和质量衰减系数（MAC）值随着光子能量的增加而减小，而半值层（HVL）和平均自由程（MFP）值随着光子穿透能力的增强而增大。在81 keV下，S5的LAC和MAC值最高，分别为0.3677 cm−1和0.2493 cm2/g， HVL值最低，为1.8849 cm，低能衰减效果较好。在383 keV时，S3在考古样品中表现出最有利的衰减，最大LAC值为0.1544 cm−1，最小HVL值为4.4891 cm。这一结果与其较高的钙、铁含量有关。等效原子序数（Zeq）、单位质量释放动能（KERMA）、平均自由程（MFP）、能量吸收累积因子（EABF）和暴露累积因子（EBF）进一步证实光子相互作用特性受光子能量和化学成分的强烈影响。结果表明，Salkaya考古玻璃，虽然不是为了屏蔽目的而生产的，但为自然老化的硅酸盐玻璃系统中成分，老化，结构和光子相互作用之间的关系提供了有用的见解。

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来源期刊

Radiation Physics and Chemistry 化学-核科学技术

CiteScore

5.60

自引率

17.20%

发文量

574

审稿时长

12 weeks

期刊介绍： Radiation Physics and Chemistry is a multidisciplinary journal that provides a medium for publication of substantial and original papers, reviews, and short communications which focus on research and developments involving ionizing radiation in radiation physics, radiation chemistry and radiation processing. The journal aims to publish papers with significance to an international audience, containing substantial novelty and scientific impact. The Editors reserve the rights to reject, with or without external review, papers that do not meet these criteria. This could include papers that are very similar to previous publications, only with changed target substrates, employed materials, analyzed sites and experimental methods, report results without presenting new insights and/or hypothesis testing, or do not focus on the radiation effects.