Immunological study of temporal changes in total serum IgE levels among patients with bronchial asthmatic respiratory infection of Iraqi children: A comparative study (2022-2026).

Abstract

Patients with Bronchial Asthmatic Respiratory Infection and Allergic asthma is characterized by typical asthmatic symptoms following exposure to airborne allergens and IgE allergy. Objective: The study examines the highest IgE levels in children with asthma and compares them in two different periods (2022 and 2026). The current cross-sectional study included 122 children with asthma between January 25 and May 24, 2026, as well as 85 individuals from Iraqi Teaching Hospital for Children between June 2022 and October 2022. The Accu-Bind IgE ELISA kit was used to measure the total IgE level. Since many laboratories consider IgE levels > 100 kU/L to be elevated, a level of 100 units/mL was selected to distinguish between high and low IgE groups. The degree of asthma severity in Iraqi children was high in 2026 compared with 2022. In 2026, the percentage of moderate and severe asthma cases was 45.08% and 13.93%, respectively, while in 2022, the percentage of moderate asthma was only 34.12%. The total levels of IgE increased significantly in 2026 in children with asthma (297.55 ± 251.56 IU/ml) compared with asthmatic children in 2022 (224.71 ± 231.01 IU/ml) (p=0.035). In 2026, the number of asthmatic children with IgE total of more than one hundred IU/ml was 70.49% of the total asthmatic children, while in 2022, only 50.59% of asthmatic children had a total IgE > 100 IU/ml. From 2022 to 2026, an increase was found in the total IgE levels in Iraqi asthmatic children, which was accompanied by a worsening asthma severity.