Experimental demonstration of attosecond hard X-ray pulses

IF 38.1 1区物理与天体物理 Q1 OPTICS

Nature Photonics Pub Date : 2026-10-20 DOI:10.1038/s41566-026-02026-7

Ichiro Inoue, River Robles, Aliaksei Halavanau, Veronica Guo, Thomas M. Linker, Andrei Benediktovitch, Stasis Chuchurka, Matthew H. Seaberg, Yanwen Sun, Diling Zhu, David Cesar, Yuantao Ding, Vincent Esposito, Paris Franz, Nicholas S. Sudar, Zhen Zhang, Taito Osaka, Gota Yamaguchi, Yasuhisa Sano, Kazuto Yamauchi, Jumpei Yamada, Uwe Bergmann, Matthias F. Kling, Claudio Pellegrini, Makina Yabashi, Nina Rohringer, Takahiro Sato, Agostino Marinelli

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Abstract

We present the experimental confirmation of attosecond pulse generation in the hard X-ray regime with a free-electron laser. Our experiment is based on the measurements of a nonlinear optical phenomenon known as amplified spontaneous emission from 3d transition metals. By analysing the yield of the collective X-ray fluorescence induced by ultrashort pulses at the Linac Coherent Light Source, we identify the generation of attosecond pulses and shot-to-shot fluctuations in their duration, ranging from 100 as to 400 as. The inferred time–bandwidth product for 100-as pulses is approximately 2 fs eV, indicating that a fraction of the pulses is nearly transform-limited pulses. Our results confirm the generation of attosecond hard X-ray pulses that can be used to simultaneously probe matter on the timescales of electronic phenomena and with atomic spatial resolution. Furthermore, attosecond hard X-ray pulses can outrun the fastest radiation damage processes, paving the way to single-shot damage-free X-ray measurements.

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阿秒硬x射线脉冲的实验演示

本文介绍了用自由电子激光器在硬x射线条件下产生阿秒脉冲的实验证实。我们的实验是基于一种非线性光学现象的测量，即三维过渡金属的放大自发辐射。通过分析超短脉冲在直线相干光源下诱导的集体x射线荧光的产率，我们确定了阿秒脉冲的产生以及其持续时间从100到400秒不等的脉冲间波动。推断100-as脉冲的时间带宽积约为2fs eV，表明一部分脉冲几乎是变换受限的脉冲。我们的结果证实了阿秒硬x射线脉冲的产生，该脉冲可用于同时在电子现象的时间尺度上和原子空间分辨率上探测物质。此外，阿秒硬x射线脉冲可以超过最快的辐射损伤过程，为单次无损伤x射线测量铺平了道路。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Nature Photonics 物理-光学

CiteScore

54.20

自引率

1.70%

发文量

158

审稿时长

12 months

期刊介绍： Nature Photonics is a monthly journal dedicated to the scientific study and application of light, known as Photonics. It publishes top-quality, peer-reviewed research across all areas of light generation, manipulation, and detection. The journal encompasses research into the fundamental properties of light and its interactions with matter, as well as the latest developments in optoelectronic devices and emerging photonics applications. Topics covered include lasers, LEDs, imaging, detectors, optoelectronic devices, quantum optics, biophotonics, optical data storage, spectroscopy, fiber optics, solar energy, displays, terahertz technology, nonlinear optics, plasmonics, nanophotonics, and X-rays. In addition to research papers and review articles summarizing scientific findings in optoelectronics, Nature Photonics also features News and Views pieces and research highlights. It uniquely includes articles on the business aspects of the industry, such as technology commercialization and market analysis, offering a comprehensive perspective on the field.