The association of particulate matter 2.5 exposure with frailty trajectories in middle-aged and older Chinese adults and the potential modification by lifestyle and socioeconomic status.

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Journal of occupational and environmental medicine Pub Date : 2026-10-21 DOI:10.1097/JOM.0000000000003913

Wanting Lin, Haoxiang Lang, Zhousong Luo, Zirong Ye

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Abstract

Objective: To examine PM2.5 exposure associations with frailty trajectories in middle-aged and older Chinese adults, and evaluate modifying effects of lifestyle and socioeconomic status (SES).

Methods: We analyzed 10,659 participants from CHARLS using PM2.5 data from Dalhousie University. Frailty was assessed via a deficit accumulation index. Group-based trajectory modelling (GBTM) identified frailty trajectories; ordered logistic regression estimated associations and effect modifications.

Results: Three trajectories emerged: "Stable low" (63.95%), "Increased to frailty" (29.00%), and "Continuously worsening" (7.05%). Each 10 μg/m³ PM2.5 increase raised odds of Trajectories 2 and 3 by 15.2% and 12.3%, respectively. Higher SES attenuated PM2.5 effects (RERI=-0.067), while unhealthy sleep duration amplified them (RERI=0.163).

Conclusions: PM2.5 exposure is associated with deteriorating frailty trajectories. Higher SES exerts an antagonistic effect, whereas unhealthy sleep duration has a synergistic effect on PM2.5-related frailty progression.

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中国中老年人暴露于pm2.5与身体虚弱轨迹的关系以及生活方式和社会经济地位的潜在改变

目的：研究PM2.5暴露与中国中老年人群虚弱轨迹的关系，并评估生活方式和社会经济地位（SES）的调节作用。方法：我们使用达尔豪斯大学的PM2.5数据分析了CHARLS的10659名参与者。脆弱性通过赤字积累指数进行评估。基于群体的轨迹建模（GBTM）识别脆弱轨迹；有序逻辑回归估计关联和效应修改。结果：出现了“稳定低”（63.95%）、“增加到虚弱”（29.00%）和“持续恶化”（7.05%）三个轨迹。PM2.5每增加10 μg/m³，轨迹2和轨迹3的概率分别增加15.2%和12.3%。较高的SES会减弱PM2.5的影响（rei =-0.067），而不健康的睡眠时间会放大PM2.5的影响（rei =0.163）。结论：PM2.5暴露与脆弱轨迹恶化有关。较高的SES具有拮抗作用，而不健康的睡眠时间对pm2.5相关的虚弱进展具有协同作用。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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Journal of occupational and environmental medicine

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