The role of adipokines in the inflammatory theory of depression: mechanisms and therapeutic applications.

Abstract

Purpose: To demonstrate the link between excessive fat tissue and depression. To discuss the role of adipokines as a bridge connecting increased fat tissue with inflammatory processes which influence the development of depression.

Views: Disruptions in the activity of adipokines, molecules secreted by adipose tissue, can significantly influence inflammatory responses by modulating the production and balance of both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines produced by immune cells. According to the inflammatory theory of depression, it is the chronic dysregulation of the Th1/Th2 immune response ratio, along with persistent low-grade inflammation, that together contribute to the development and persistence of depressive symptoms. Therefore, excessive amounts of adipose tissue and elevated adipokine secretion in patients appear to substantially increase the likelihood of depression.

Conclusions: Research shows that elevated levels of pro-inflammatory adipokines, such as leptin and resistin, may be associated with depression by intensifying inflammatory processes in the brain and disrupting neurotransmitter balance. In contrast, adiponectin - a protein with anti-inflammatory properties - has a different effect. Determining the relationship between the amount of body fat in patients and depression may be useful for predicting and monitoring the progression of depression in individuals with excessive body weight. Early identification of depression risk in this group could enable timely medical intervention and treatment, potentially reducing dangerous behaviors and improving therapeutic outcomes.