Retinal Vascular Parameters and Their Determinants in Healthy Turkish Children Aged 2-10 Years: A Cross-Sectional Study.

IF 1.6 4区医学 Q3 OPHTHALMOLOGY

Ophthalmic epidemiology Pub Date : 2026-10-20 DOI:10.1080/09286586.2026.2751942

Ata Baytaroğlu, Şerife Nur Çiftci, Mesut Saka, Suzan Doğruya, Hatice Daldal

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Purpose: To provide normative values for retinal vascular parameters and their determinants in healthy Turkish children aged 2 to 10 years.

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 513 healthy children (247 girls, 266 boys) attending outpatient clinics for routine or well-child visits were enrolled. The left eye was studied by protocol. After mydriasis, fundus photographs were taken with a Canon CX-1 camera, and CRAE, CRVE, and the arteriole-to-vein ratio from equivalents (AVRe) were derived by the Knudtson-Parr-Hubbard formulas within the RMHAS module and reported in pixels. Multivariable regression examined AVRe, and separately CRAE and CRVE, against age, sex, body mass index (BMI), mean arterial pressure (MAP), and intraocular pressure (IOP), with axial length as a covariate in the caliber models.

Results: The mean age was 5.82 ± 2.38 years. AVRe was 0.677, CRAE 15.70 px, and CRVE 23.24 px. AVRe decreased with age (trend β = -0.0039 per year, p < 0.001). Lower AVRe was independently associated with higher MAP (β = -0.0009, p = 0.002) and higher IOP (β = 0.0017, p = 0.013). MAP was associated with narrower CRAE (p < 0.001) but not CRVE, and IOP with wider CRAE (p = 0.008), indicating that both associations acted through the arteriolar compartment. The age-group × MAP and age-group × IOP interactions were not significant. Sex and BMI showed no association.

Conclusion: This study provides age-specific normative retinal vascular values for Turkish children. The age-related decline of AVRe and its inverse association with blood pressure, driven by arteriolar narrowing, support retinal vessel measurement as a marker of microvascular health in young children.

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来源期刊

Ophthalmic epidemiology 医学-眼科学

CiteScore

3.70

自引率

5.60%

发文量

审稿时长

6-12 weeks

期刊介绍： Ophthalmic Epidemiology is dedicated to the publication of original research into eye and vision health in the fields of epidemiology, public health and the prevention of blindness. Ophthalmic Epidemiology publishes editorials, original research reports, systematic reviews and meta-analysis articles, brief communications and letters to the editor on all subjects related to ophthalmic epidemiology. A broad range of topics is suitable, such as: evaluating the risk of ocular diseases, general and specific study designs, screening program implementation and evaluation, eye health care access, delivery and outcomes, therapeutic efficacy or effectiveness, disease prognosis and quality of life, cost-benefit analysis, biostatistical theory and risk factor analysis. We are looking to expand our engagement with reports of international interest, including those regarding problems affecting developing countries, although reports from all over the world potentially are suitable. Clinical case reports, small case series (not enough for a cohort analysis) articles and animal research reports are not appropriate for this journal.