{"title":"A review of 3D In vitro skin models for psoriasis: from pathophysiology to advanced bioengineering.","authors":"Yuying Cheng, Feifei Wang, Bo Wang","doi":"10.3389/fbioe.2026.1918162","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Three-dimensional (3D) skin models have become a transformative choice for replacing animal models in psoriasis research. However, the diversity of platforms, from commercial skin equivalents to organ-on-a-chip systems, has rapidly increased, posing a key selection dilemma for researchers. Based on this, we comprehensively classified the models based on their construction strategies and compared their pathological fidelity from six key dimensions: structural complexity, immune integration, vascular or neural function, scalability, primary application and recommended biological composition. Looking back at the development process of <i>in vitro</i> psoriasis models, it can be found that the construction strategy has gradually shifted: from static structural substitutes to dynamic systems that can reproduce natural tissue function. Although commercial models have strong standardization advantages suitable for high-throughput screening, cutting-edge bioengineering platforms including organoids and organ-on-a-chip devices have bridged the gap between laboratory constructs and clinical phenotypes by reconstructing the neural-immune-vascular axis. This review summarizes the latest progress in in vitro psoriasis modeling, explores the bottlenecks that currently exist in the system, and proposes innovative methods to provide new ideas for constructing the next-generation of models that are closer to the pathological characteristics of real psoriasis.</p>","PeriodicalId":12444,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology","volume":"14 ","pages":"1918162"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8000,"publicationDate":"2026-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13678526/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology","FirstCategoryId":"5","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2026.1918162","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2026/1/1 0:00:00","PubModel":"eCollection","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) skin models have become a transformative choice for replacing animal models in psoriasis research. However, the diversity of platforms, from commercial skin equivalents to organ-on-a-chip systems, has rapidly increased, posing a key selection dilemma for researchers. Based on this, we comprehensively classified the models based on their construction strategies and compared their pathological fidelity from six key dimensions: structural complexity, immune integration, vascular or neural function, scalability, primary application and recommended biological composition. Looking back at the development process of in vitro psoriasis models, it can be found that the construction strategy has gradually shifted: from static structural substitutes to dynamic systems that can reproduce natural tissue function. Although commercial models have strong standardization advantages suitable for high-throughput screening, cutting-edge bioengineering platforms including organoids and organ-on-a-chip devices have bridged the gap between laboratory constructs and clinical phenotypes by reconstructing the neural-immune-vascular axis. This review summarizes the latest progress in in vitro psoriasis modeling, explores the bottlenecks that currently exist in the system, and proposes innovative methods to provide new ideas for constructing the next-generation of models that are closer to the pathological characteristics of real psoriasis.
期刊介绍：
The translation of new discoveries in medicine to clinical routine has never been easy. During the second half of the last century, thanks to the progress in chemistry, biochemistry and pharmacology, we have seen the development and the application of a large number of drugs and devices aimed at the treatment of symptoms, blocking unwanted pathways and, in the case of infectious diseases, fighting the micro-organisms responsible. However, we are facing, today, a dramatic change in the therapeutic approach to pathologies and diseases. Indeed, the challenge of the present and the next decade is to fully restore the physiological status of the diseased organism and to completely regenerate tissue and organs when they are so seriously affected that treatments cannot be limited to the repression of symptoms or to the repair of damage. This is being made possible thanks to the major developments made in basic cell and molecular biology, including stem cell science, growth factor delivery, gene isolation and transfection, the advances in bioengineering and nanotechnology, including development of new biomaterials, biofabrication technologies and use of bioreactors, and the big improvements in diagnostic tools and imaging of cells, tissues and organs.
In today`s world, an enhancement of communication between multidisciplinary experts, together with the promotion of joint projects and close collaborations among scientists, engineers, industry people, regulatory agencies and physicians are absolute requirements for the success of any attempt to develop and clinically apply a new biological therapy or an innovative device involving the collective use of biomaterials, cells and/or bioactive molecules. “Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology” aspires to be a forum for all people involved in the process by bridging the gap too often existing between a discovery in the basic sciences and its clinical application.
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