(bpy)Cu(CF₃)₃: tunable reactivity in fluoroalkylation and fluorination.

IF 2.8 3区化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, ORGANIC

Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry Pub Date : 2026-10-20 DOI:10.1039/d6ob01204c

Min Xu, Shuolu Dai, Shan Long, Chuhong Xie, Taotao Huang, Wen-Xin Lv

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Organofluorine compounds play an indispensable role in modern pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and functional materials. Fluorine-containing groups such as trifluoromethyl (CF₃) and difluoromethoxy (OCF₂H) can significantly enhance lipophilicity, metabolic stability, hydrogen-bonding capability, and target-binding affinity, thereby serving as key structural units in drug design and activity optimization. Among various trifluoromethylation strategies, (bpy)Cu(CF₃)₃-an isolable and storable high-valent Cu-CF₃ species-exhibits tunable reactivity that enables direct trifluoromethylation, defluorinative difluoromethylation, and P-F bond formation (fluorination). This review systematically summarizes recent advances in the application of (bpy)Cu(CF₃)₃ to fluorination and fluoroalkylation reactions and classifies these reactions into three mechanistic pathways: two-electron, single-electron radical, and difluorocarbene/fluoride pathways. The reaction mechanisms, structural characteristics, substrate scope, and synthetic applications are discussed in detail. Finally, current challenges and future opportunities in this field are discussed, aiming to provide guidance for the design of next-generation multifunctional fluorinating reagents and for the further development of organofluorine chemistry.

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（bpy）Cu(CF3)3：可调的氟烷基化和氟化反应活性。

有机氟化合物在现代医药、农用化学品和功能材料中发挥着不可或缺的作用。三氟甲基（CF3）和二氟甲氧基（OCF2H）等含氟基团可以显著增强亲脂性、代谢稳定性、氢键能力和靶向结合亲和力，是药物设计和活性优化的关键结构单元。在各种三氟甲基化策略中，（bpy）Cu(CF3)3-一种可分离和可储存的高价Cu-CF3 -表现出可调节的反应性，可实现直接三氟甲基化、去氟化二氟甲基化和P-F键形成（氟化）。本文系统综述了（bpy）Cu(CF3)3在氟化反应和氟烷基化反应中的应用进展，并将其分为三种机制途径：双电子、单电子自由基和二氟苯/氟化反应途径。详细讨论了反应机理、结构特点、底物范围和合成应用。最后，讨论了该领域目前面临的挑战和未来的机遇，旨在为下一代多功能氟化试剂的设计和有机氟化学的进一步发展提供指导。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry 化学-有机化学

CiteScore

5.50

自引率

9.40%

发文量

1056

审稿时长

1.3 months

期刊介绍： Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry is an international journal using integrated research in chemistry-organic chemistry. Founded in 2003 by the Royal Society of Chemistry, the journal is published in Semimonthly issues and has been indexed by SCIE, a leading international database. The journal focuses on the key research and cutting-edge progress in the field of chemistry-organic chemistry, publishes and reports the research results in this field in a timely manner, and is committed to becoming a window and platform for rapid academic exchanges among peers in this field. The journal's impact factor in 2023 is 2.9, and its CiteScore is 5.5.