Prevalence and Predictors of Blood Pressure Control in Pre-dialysis Chronic Kidney Disease Patients in Calabar, South-South Nigeria: A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study.

Abstract

Background: Hypertension is both an important cause and complication of chronic kidney disease (CKD), and the reduction in renal function is typically associated with increases in blood pressure.

Objectives: This study was conducted to determine the prevalence, associated factors and predictors of blood pressure control in CKD patients before initiation of maintenance haemodialysis.

Methods: This cross - sectional study was conducted in the renal clinic of University of Calabar Teaching Hospital from September 2020 to February 2021. Chronic kidney disease patients yet to initiate maintenance haemodialysis were recruited consecutively and a total of 59 CKD patients were included in the study. Relevant investigations were done, including serum creatinine. An average of the three most recent clinic blood pressure (BP) readings taken at one month interval from each other was recorded. All data generated were analysed using SPSS version 20.0.

Results: There were more males (54.2%), majority were in stage 5 CKD (44.1%) and 62.7% had poor BP control. Poor BP control was associated with use of multiple anti-hypertensive medications and dyslipidemia. Elevated lipid profile predicted poor BP control (p < 0.05).

Conclusions: Factors associated with poor BP control were use of multiple anti-hypertensive medications and presence of dyslipidemia. Furthermore, poor BP control was predicted by elevated lipid profile.